ᾍδης

ᾍδης

See also: Άδης, Ἀΐδης, ᾅδης, and ἀϊδής

Ancient Greek

Alternative forms

• Ἀΐδης (Aḯdēs) – Homeric
• Ἀΐδᾱς (Aḯdās) – Doric
• Ἀϊδωνεύς (Aïdōneús)
• ᾈδωνεύς (Āidōneús)

Etymology

Perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *n̥- (“not”) + *weyd- (“see”), meaning "that which is unseen",[1] equivalent to ἀ- (a-) +‎ εἶδον (eîdon). Compare ἀϊδής (aïdḗs, “invisible”).

Puhvel (1987) argues that it is from *sm̥weyd-, from *sm̥- (compounding stem) + *weyd- (“see”), meaning "see-together" or "uniter", equivalent to ἁ- (ha-) +‎ εἶδον (eîdon), cognate with Russian свида́ние (svidánije, “see each other”), and partly in Sanskrit संगमनं जनानां (saṃgamanaṃ janānāṃ, literally “ingatherer of people”), where *weyd- is replaced with *gʷem-.

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /háːi̯.dɛːs/ → /ˈa.ðis/ → /ˈa.ðis/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /háːi̯.dɛːs/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈ(h)a.de̝s/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈa.ðis/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈa.ðis/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈa.ðis/

Proper noun

ᾍδης • (Hā́idēs) m (genitive ᾍδου); first declension (Attic)

1. Hades, the underworld
2. Hades, the realm of the dead
3. the Grave personified as a god, Death
4. Hell

Usage notes

The personal name rarely takes a definite article.

Inflection

First declension of ὁ ᾍδης; τοῦ ᾍδου (Attic)

Case / #	Singular
Nominative	ὁ ᾍδης ho Hā́idēs
Genitive	τοῦ ᾍδου toû Hā́idou
Dative	τῷ ᾍδῃ tôi Hā́idēi
Accusative	τὸν ᾍδην tòn Hā́idēn
Vocative	ᾍδη Hā́idē
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

First declension of Ἀΐδης; Ἀΐδᾱο (Epic)

Case / #	Singular
Nominative	Ἀΐδης Aḯdēs
Genitive	Ἀΐδᾱο / Ἀΐδε͜ω / Ἀΐδω Aḯdāo / Aḯde͜ō / Aḯdō
Dative	Ἀΐδῃ Aḯdēi
Accusative	Ἀΐδην Aḯdēn
Vocative	Ἀΐδη Aḯdē
Notes:	Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms may be based on conjecture. Use with caution.

Descendants

• Greek: Άδης (Ádis)
• → Latin: Hādēs
• → Old Church Slavonic: адъ (adŭ) (see there for further descendants)

See also

• Πλούτων (Ploútōn)

References

1. Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “Ἀΐδης, -αο [m.]”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume I, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 34

Further reading

• “ᾍδης”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “ᾍδης”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• ᾍδης in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
• ᾍδης in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2023)
• G86 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
• Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
  • below idem, page 73.
  • death idem, page 198.
  • hades idem, page 380.
  • hell idem, page 395.
  • infernal idem, page 437.
  • lower idem, page 503.
  • nether idem, page 556.
  • shade idem, page 760.
  • under idem, page 912.
  • world idem, page 989.