ὤψ
Ancient Greek
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *h₃ókʷs, from *h₃ekʷ-. See also ὄψ (óps).
Pronunciation
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /ɔ̌ːps/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ops/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ops/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /ops/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ops/
Noun
ὤψ • (ṓps) f (genitive ὠπός); third declension
- (the phrase εἰς ὦπα, in Homer and Hesiod) to the eye; (possibly) in the face
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 3.158:
- αἰνῶς ἀθανάτῃσι θεῇς εἰς ὦπα ἔοικεν
- ainôs athanátēisi theêis eis ôpa éoiken
- To the eye [or in her face] she looks astonishingly like the immortal goddesses.
- αἰνῶς ἀθανάτῃσι θεῇς εἰς ὦπα ἔοικεν
- (rarely in other forms) eye
- 386 BCE – 367 BCE, Plato, Cratylus 409c:
- Σωκράτης ὁ μὲν ‘μεὶς’ ἀπὸ τοῦ μειοῦσθαι εἴη ἂν ‘μείης’ ὀρθῶς κεκλημένος, τὰ δ᾽ ‘ἄστρα’ ἔοικε τῆς ἀστραπῆς ἐπωνυμίαν ἔχειν. ἡ δὲ ‘ἀστραπή,’ ὅτι τὰ ὦπα ἀναστρέφει, ‘ἀναστρωπὴ’ ἂν εἴη, νῦν δὲ ‘ἀστραπὴ’ καλλωπισθεῖσα κέκληται.
- Sōkrátēs ho mèn ‘meìs’ apò toû meioûsthai eíē àn ‘meíēs’ orthôs keklēménos, tà d᾽ ‘ástra’ éoike tês astrapês epōnumían ékhein. hē dè ‘astrapḗ,’ hóti tà ôpa anastréphei, ‘anastrōpḕ’ àn eíē, nûn dè ‘astrapḕ’ kallōpistheîsa kéklētai.
- 1903 translation by John Burnet
- The word “month” (μείς) would be properly pronounced μείης, from μειοῦσθαι, “to grow less,” and I think the stars (ἄστερα) get their name from ἀστραπή (lightning). But ἀστραπή, because it turns our eyes upwards (τὰ ὦπα ἀναστρέθει), would be called ἀναστρωπή, which is now pronounced more prettily ἀστραπή.
- Σωκράτης ὁ μὲν ‘μεὶς’ ἀπὸ τοῦ μειοῦσθαι εἴη ἂν ‘μείης’ ὀρθῶς κεκλημένος, τὰ δ᾽ ‘ἄστρα’ ἔοικε τῆς ἀστραπῆς ἐπωνυμίαν ἔχειν. ἡ δὲ ‘ἀστραπή,’ ὅτι τὰ ὦπα ἀναστρέφει, ‘ἀναστρωπὴ’ ἂν εἴη, νῦν δὲ ‘ἀστραπὴ’ καλλωπισθεῖσα κέκληται.
Inflection
Third declension of ἡ ὤψ; τῆς ὠπός (Attic)
| Case / # | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | ἡ ὤψ hē ṓps | τὼ ὦπε tṑ ôpe | αἱ ὦπες hai ôpes | ||||||||||
| Genitive | τῆς ὠπός tês ōpós | τοῖν ὠποῖν toîn ōpoîn | τῶν ὠπῶν tôn ōpôn | ||||||||||
| Dative | τῇ ὠπῐ́ têi ōpí | τοῖν ὠποῖν toîn ōpoîn | ταῖς ὠψῐ́ / ὠψῐ́ν taîs ōpsí(n) | ||||||||||
| Accusative | τὴν ὦπᾰ tḕn ôpa | τὼ ὦπε tṑ ôpe | τᾱ̀ς ὦπᾰς tā̀s ôpas | ||||||||||
| Vocative | ὤψ ṓps | ὦπε ôpe | ὦπες ôpes | ||||||||||
| Notes: |
| ||||||||||||
Derived terms
- βοῶπις (boôpis)
- γλαυκῶπις (glaukôpis)
- Κύκλωψ (Kúklōps)
Related terms
- ὄσσε (ósse)
- ὄμμα (ómma)
- ὄψις (ópsis)
- ὄψομαι (ópsomai)
References
- ὤψ in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- ὤψ in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- ὤψ in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- (no entry for the specified headword) Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
- J. B. Hofmann, Ετυμολογικόν Λεξικόν της Αρχαίας Ελληνικής (Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Griechischen)
- Pokorny, Julius (1959) Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume III, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 775