ὕστερος
See also: ύστερος
Ancient Greek
Etymology
The comparative form of an unattested adjective, with the superlative of ὕστᾰτος (hústatos), from Proto-Indo-European *údteros (“higher, outer”) from *úd (“upwards, away”), which would make it cognate with English out.
Pronunciation
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /hýs.te.ros/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ˈ(h)ys.te.ros/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ˈys.te.ros/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /ˈys.te.ros/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ˈis.te.ros/
Adjective
ῠ̔́στερος • (hústeros) m (feminine ῠ̔στέρᾱ, neuter ῠ̔́στερον); first/second declension
- latter
- (of place) latter, coming after, behind
- 428 BCE, Euripides, Hippolytus 1243
- 416 BCE, Euripides, Herakles 1040
- 497 BCE – 405 BCE, Sophocles, Electra 734
- 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Cyropaedia 2.3.21
- 480 BCE – 411 BCE, Antiphon of Rhamnus, On the Choreutes 14
- 522 BCE – 443 BCE, Pindar, Olympian Ode 11.5
- 380 BCE, Plato, Gorgias 503C
- 400 BCE – 387 BCE, Plato, Lysis 206E
- 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 3.103
- 458 BCE, Aeschylus, The Eumenides 251
- (of time) next
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 5.17
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 16.479
- 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Hellenica 7.2.10
- 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 6.103
- 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 1.130
- 458 BCE, Aeschylus, Agamemnon 702
- 428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Laws 865A
- 458 BCE, Aeschylus, Agamemnon 1666
- 3rd century AD, Diogenes Laertius, Lives and Opinions of Eminent Philosophers 7.10
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 18.333
- 391 BCE, Aristophanes, Assemblywomen 859
- 428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Phaedo 87C
- 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 4.166
- 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 5.32
- 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 2.54
- later, too late
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 18.320
- 422 BCE, Aristophanes, The Wasps 691
- 425 BCE, Aristophanes, Lysistrata 69
- 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 4.90
- 429 BCE, Sophocles, Oedipus the King 222
- 497 BCE – 405 BCE, Sophocles, Women of Trachis 92
- 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Politics 1312A.4
- (with genitive of object) too late for
- 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 6.120
- 422 BCE, Aristophanes, The Wasps 690
- 416 BCE, Euripides, Herakles 1174
- 428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Laws 698E
- (substantive) posterity
- 423 BCE, Euripides, The Suppliants 1225
- 415 BCE, Euripides, The Trojan Women 13
- 415 BCE, Euripides, The Trojan Women 1245
- (of inferiority)
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 3.215
- 409 BCE, Sophocles, Philoctetes 181
- 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 1.91
- 442 BCE, Sophocles, Antigone 746
- 389 BCE – 314 BCE, Aeschines, Against Ctesiphon 23
- 428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Laws 896C
- 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 8.41
- (adverbial, the neuter ὕστερον is more often used than the standard ὑστέρως)
- 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Cyropaedia 5.3.42
- (of time) later, afterwards
- 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 6.91
- 396 BCE – 323 BCE, Lycurgus of Athens, Collected Works 61
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 16.319
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 1.27
- 497 BCE – 405 BCE, Sophocles, Ajax 858
- 408 BCE – 334 BCE, Antiphanes Comicus, Collected Works 270
- 408 BCE – 334 BCE, Antiphanes Comicus, Collected Works 53.4
- 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 1.171
- 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 1.8
- 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 1.64
- 445 BCE – 380 BCE, Lysias, Against Simon 39
- 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Cyropaedia 5.3.52
- 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Hellenica 1.1.1
- 380 BCE, Plato, The Republic 327C
- 380 BCE, Plato, Gorgias 471C
- 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 2.49
- 428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Phaedo 58A
- 380 BCE, Plato, The Republic 415D
- 428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Charmides 165A
- (with genitive)
- 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 1.113
- 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 9.83
- 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 2.18
- 425 BCE, Aristophanes, Lysistrata 57
- 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 6.140
- 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 1.91
- 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 1.3
- 436 BCE – 338 BCE, Isocrates, Aegineticus 22
- 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 1.60
- 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 6.4
- (with prepositions)
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 12.126
- 750 BCE – 650 BCE, Hesiod, Works and Days 351
- 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 5.41
- 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 5.74
- 442 BCE, Sophocles, Antigone 1194
- 407 BCE, Euripides, Iphigenia in Aulis 720
- 360 BCE, Plato, Timaeus 82B
- 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 3.13
- 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 8.27
- 100 BCE – 1 BCE, Diodorus Siculus, Library 14.109
- 60 BCE – 7 BCE, Dionysius of Halicarnassus, Roman Antiquities 4.73
- 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 1.108
- 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 5.106
- 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 6.85
- (of place) latter, coming after, behind
Inflection
First and second declension of ῠ̔́στερος; ῠ̔στέρᾱ; ῠ̔́στερον (Attic)
Number | Singular | Dual | Plural | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Case/Gender | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |||||
Nominative | ῠ̔́στερος hústeros | ῠ̔στέρᾱ hustérā | ῠ̔́στερον hústeron | ῠ̔στέρω hustérō | ῠ̔στέρᾱ hustérā | ῠ̔στέρω hustérō | ῠ̔́στεροι hústeroi | ῠ̔́στεραι hústerai | ῠ̔́στερᾰ hústera | |||||
Genitive | ῠ̔στέρου hustérou | ῠ̔στέρᾱς hustérās | ῠ̔στέρου hustérou | ῠ̔στέροιν hustéroin | ῠ̔στέραιν hustérain | ῠ̔στέροιν hustéroin | ῠ̔στέρων hustérōn | ῠ̔στέρων hustérōn | ῠ̔στέρων hustérōn | |||||
Dative | ῠ̔στέρῳ hustérōi | ῠ̔στέρᾳ hustérāi | ῠ̔στέρῳ hustérōi | ῠ̔στέροιν hustéroin | ῠ̔στέραιν hustérain | ῠ̔στέροιν hustéroin | ῠ̔στέροις hustérois | ῠ̔στέραις hustérais | ῠ̔στέροις hustérois | |||||
Accusative | ῠ̔́στερον hústeron | ῠ̔στέρᾱν hustérān | ῠ̔́στερον hústeron | ῠ̔στέρω hustérō | ῠ̔στέρᾱ hustérā | ῠ̔στέρω hustérō | ῠ̔στέρους hustérous | ῠ̔στέρᾱς hustérās | ῠ̔́στερᾰ hústera | |||||
Vocative | ῠ̔́στερε hústere | ῠ̔στέρᾱ hustérā | ῠ̔́στερον hústeron | ῠ̔στέρω hustérō | ῠ̔στέρᾱ hustérā | ῠ̔στέρω hustérō | ῠ̔́στεροι hústeroi | ῠ̔́στεραι hústerai | ῠ̔́στερᾰ hústera | |||||
Derived forms | Adverb | Comparative | Superlative | |||||||||||
ῠ̔στέρως / ῠ̔́στερον hustérōs / hústeron | — | ὕστᾰτος hústatos | ||||||||||||
Notes: |
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Related terms
- ῠ̔στερέω (husteréō)
Descendants
- Greek: ύστερος (ýsteros), polytonic spelling: ὕστερος
References
- “ὕστερος”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “ὕστερος”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- “ὕστερος”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
- ὕστερος in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- ὕστερος in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
- “ὕστερος”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
- G5306 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
- Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
- behind idem, page 71.
- behindhand idem, page 72.
- belated idem, page 72.
- below idem, page 73.
- beneath idem, page 73.
- hind idem, page 400.
- immaterial idem, page 417.
- inferior idem, page 437.
- late idem, page 478.
- later idem, page 478.
- lower idem, page 503.
- posterior idem, page 629.
- second idem, page 746.
- subsequent idem, page 832.
- succeeding idem, page 833.
- under idem, page 912.
- Pokorny, Julius (1959) Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 1103