ὅσιος
Ancient Greek
Etymology
Often explained as a derivative in -ιο- from a participal form *s-o-to-, beside alleged *seto- in ἐτάζω (etázō, “to examine, test”), although this account presents difficulties. A connection with Sanskrit सत्य (satya, “true”) requires loss of the initial laryngeal. The derivation from Proto-Indo-European *soto- (from a different root *set-, seen in ἐτάζω (etázō) and ἐτεός (eteós)) is defended by Pinault.
Pronunciation
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /hó.si.os/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ˈ(h)o.si.os/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ˈo.si.os/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /ˈo.si.os/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ˈo.si.os/
Adjective
ὅσιος • (hósios) m (feminine ὁσίᾱ, neuter ὅσιον); first/second declension
- pious, hallowed, sanctioned by the gods, (as opposed to δίκαιος "sanctioned by human law")
- of things which are allowed by divine law but not sacred: profane (as opposed to ἱερός "sacred to the gods")
- (of persons) pious, devout, sinless
- Synonyms: εὐσεβής (eusebḗs), θρῆσκος (thrêskos)
- sinless, pure
Inflection
First and second declension of ὅσιος; ὁσίᾱ; ὅσιον (Attic)
Number | Singular | Dual | Plural | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Case/Gender | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |||||
Nominative | ὅσιος hósios | ὁσίᾱ hosíā | ὅσιον hósion | ὁσίω hosíō | ὁσίᾱ hosíā | ὁσίω hosíō | ὅσιοι hósioi | ὅσιαι hósiai | ὅσιᾰ hósia | |||||
Genitive | ὁσίου hosíou | ὁσίᾱς hosíās | ὁσίου hosíou | ὁσίοιν hosíoin | ὁσίαιν hosíain | ὁσίοιν hosíoin | ὁσίων hosíōn | ὁσίων hosíōn | ὁσίων hosíōn | |||||
Dative | ὁσίῳ hosíōi | ὁσίᾳ hosíāi | ὁσίῳ hosíōi | ὁσίοιν hosíoin | ὁσίαιν hosíain | ὁσίοιν hosíoin | ὁσίοις hosíois | ὁσίαις hosíais | ὁσίοις hosíois | |||||
Accusative | ὅσιον hósion | ὁσίᾱν hosíān | ὅσιον hósion | ὁσίω hosíō | ὁσίᾱ hosíā | ὁσίω hosíō | ὁσίους hosíous | ὁσίᾱς hosíās | ὅσιᾰ hósia | |||||
Vocative | ὅσιε hósie | ὁσίᾱ hosíā | ὅσιον hósion | ὁσίω hosíō | ὁσίᾱ hosíā | ὁσίω hosíō | ὅσιοι hósioi | ὅσιαι hósiai | ὅσιᾰ hósia | |||||
Derived forms | Adverb | Comparative | Superlative | |||||||||||
ὁσίως hosíōs | ὁσιότερος hosióteros | ὁσιότᾰτος hosiótatos | ||||||||||||
Notes: |
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Noun
ὅσιος • (hósios) m (genitive ὁσίου); second declension
- (religion) title of five special priests at Delphi
- Biblical: plural οἱ ὅσιοι (hoi hósioi, “the saints”) (LXX Psalm 29.4)
Inflection
Second declension of ὁ ὅσιος; τοῦ ὁσίου (Attic)
Case / # | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nominative | ὁ ὅσιος ho hósios | τὼ ὁσίω tṑ hosíō | οἱ ὅσιοι hoi hósioi | ||||||||||
Genitive | τοῦ ὁσίου toû hosíou | τοῖν ὁσίοιν toîn hosíoin | τῶν ὁσίων tôn hosíōn | ||||||||||
Dative | τῷ ὁσίῳ tôi hosíōi | τοῖν ὁσίοιν toîn hosíoin | τοῖς ὁσίοις toîs hosíois | ||||||||||
Accusative | τὸν ὅσιον tòn hósion | τὼ ὁσίω tṑ hosíō | τοὺς ὁσίους toùs hosíous | ||||||||||
Vocative | ὅσιε hósie | ὁσίω hosíō | ὅσιοι hósioi | ||||||||||
Notes: |
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Derived terms
- ἀνόσιος (anósios)
- ἀφόσιος (aphósios)
- ὁσία (hosía)
- ὁσιεύω (hosieúō)
- ὁσιότης (hosiótēs)
- ὁσιόω (hosióō)
References
- “ὅσιος”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “ὅσιος”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- ὅσιος in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
- G3741 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
- Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
- clean idem, page 136.
- clear idem, page 136.
- conscientious idem, page 161.
- devout idem, page 221.
- dutiful idem, page 257.
- god-fearing idem, page 365.
- godly idem, page 365.
- good idem, page 366.
- holy idem, page 403.
- just idem, page 466.
- lawful idem, page 480.
- moral idem, page 540.
- permissible idem, page 607.
- pious idem, page 614.
- profane idem, page 653.
- pure idem, page 658.
- religious idem, page 691.
- reverent idem, page 710.
- righteous idem, page 715.
- sacred idem, page 728.
- secular idem, page 747.
- sinless idem, page 779.
- Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN