bever
English
Pronunciation
- (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /ˈbiːvə/
Audio (Southern England) (file) - (General American) enPR: bēʹvər, IPA(key): /ˈbiːvɚ/
- Rhymes: -iːvə(ɹ)
- Homophones: beaver, Belvoir, bevor
Etymology 1
From Middle English biveren, beveren (“to tremble”), frequentative form of Old English beofian, bifian (“to tremble, be moved, shake, quake”), from Proto-Germanic *bibāną (“to quake, shiver”). Cognate with West Frisian bibberje (“to shiver”), Dutch bibberen (“to shiver, quiver”), Low German beveren (“to shiver”), German Low German bevern (“to tremble”), German bibbern (“to shiver”). related also to Dutch beven (“to quake”), German beben (“to quake, tremble”), Swedish bäva (“to quake, tremble”), Icelandic bifa (“to budge, be moved”), Latin foedus (“disgusting, shocking, abominable, heinous”).
Pronunciation
- (Scotland) IPA(key): /ˈbɛ(ː)vəɹ/
- (Scotland) Rhymes: -ɛvəɹ
Verb
bever (third-person singular simple present bevers, present participle bevering, simple past and past participle bevered)
- (intransitive) To tremble; shake; quiver; shiver.
- 1485, Sir Thomas Malory, Le Morte D'Arthur, page 25:
- Wherefore King Ban and King Bors made them ready, and dressed their shields and harness, and they were so courageous that many knights shook and bevered for eagerness.
- 1485, Sir Thomas Malory, Le Morte D'Arthur, page 25:
Derived terms
- bevering
References
- The Dictionary of the Scots Language
Noun
bever (plural bevers)
- Alternative spelling of bevor
- 1590, Edmund Spenser, The Faerie Queene:
- And, passing forward with furious affret, / Pierst through his bever and quite into his brow.
- 1635, L. I. [pseudonym; John Lechmere], “The Third Argument was about the Killing Letter; out of Origen, […]”, in The Relection of a Conference Tovching the Reall Presence. Or A Bachelovrs Censvre of a Masters Apologie for Doctour Featlie, Douai: Lavrence Kellam, OCLC 880496072, page 333:
- He who lookes you in the face, ſaith he ſees you, though the reſt of your bodie be within your cloathes, and if you, being an ὁωλομάχος a cataphract in your proteſtantiſh πανοπλία [panoplía, suit of armour] should for fear pull downe your beuer before you come into the liſt, your Aduerſarie for all that might light vpon your ( ) vnleſſe you bring with you Giges his ring, ſo to make your ſelf inuiſible; [...]
- 1786, Francis Grose, A Treatise on Ancient Armour and Weapons, page 8:
- Some close helmets have a farther improvement called a bever, the bever when closed covers the mouth and chin, and either lifts up by revolving on the same pivots as the visor, or lets down by means of two or more pivots on each side near the jaws, in which case the bever consists of several laminæ or plates, one shutting over the other.
-
Etymology 3
From Middle English bever, from Anglo-Norman bever (modern French boire), from Latin bibō.
Noun
bever (countable and uncountable, plural bevers)
- A drink.
- 1625, John Fletcher; Philip Massinger, “The Elder Brother. A Comedy.”, in Comedies and Tragedies […], London: […] Humphrey Robinson, […], and for Humphrey Moseley […], published 1679, OCLC 3083972, (please specify the act number in uppercase Roman numerals, and the scene number in lowercase Roman numerals):
- Bid my subsiser carry my hackney to the buttery, and give him his bever; it is a civil and sober beast, and will drink moderately.
-
- (now rare, archaic) A snack or light refreshment between meals.
- 1603, Michel de Montaigne, chapter 2, in John Florio, transl., The Essayes […], book II, London: […] Val[entine] Simmes for Edward Blount […], OCLC 946730821:
- It seemeth that wee daily shorten the use of this, and that in our houses (as I have seene in mine infancie) breakfasts, nunchions, and beavers [translating collations] should be more frequent and often used than now adayes they are.
- 1604, Christopher Marlowe, Dr. Faustus:
- Thirty meals a day and ten bevers.
- 1980, Anthony Burgess, Earthly Powers:
- Very softly I boiled water, made a sandwich from the remains of the luncheon roast chicken, scalded the Twining creature. Then I softly carried my bever to the study on a tray […].
-
- A time for drinking.
- A mixture of cider and water.
Related terms
- beverage
Verb
bever (third-person singular simple present bevers, present participle bevering, simple past and past participle bevered)
- (obsolete) To take a light repast between meals.
Noun
bever (plural bevers)
- Obsolete form of beaver.
Anagrams
- breve
Dutch
Etymology
From Middle Dutch bēver, from Old Dutch *bevar, from Proto-Germanic *bebruz.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈbeː.vər/
audio (file) - Hyphenation: be‧ver
- Rhymes: -eːvər
Noun
bever m (plural bevers, diminutive bevertje n)
- A beaver, rodent of the genus Castor.
Derived terms
- beverachtig
- beverbont
- beverboom
- beverburcht
- beverdam
- bevergeil
- beverhaar
- beverhoed
- beverhuid
- beverkever
- bevermuts
- beverpels
- beverrat
- beverskul
- beverstaart
- bevervacht
Descendants
- Afrikaans: bewer
Anagrams
- breve
Hungarian
Etymology
be- + ver
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈbɛvɛr]
- Hyphenation: be‧ver
- Rhymes: -ɛr
Verb
bever
- (transitive, of one's head) to knock (into something -ba/-be)
- A kisfiú véletlenül beverte a fejét az asztalba. ― The little boy accidentally knocked his head into the table.
- (transitive, of nails) to drive in (-ba/-be)
- Beverte a szögeket a falba. ― S/he drove the nails into the wall.
Conjugation
| 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal | 3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal | 1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal | 3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Indicative mood | Present | Indef. | beverek | beversz | bever | beverünk | bevertek | bevernek |
| Def. | beverem | bevered | beveri | beverjük | beveritek | beverik | ||
| 2nd-p. o. | beverlek | ― | ||||||
| Past | Indef. | bevertem | bevertél | bevert | bevertünk | bevertetek | bevertek | |
| Def. | bevertem | beverted | beverte | bevertük | bevertétek | beverték | ||
| 2nd-p. o. | bevertelek | ― | ||||||
| Conditional mood | Present | Indef. | bevernék | bevernél | beverne | bevernénk | bevernétek | bevernének |
| Def. | beverném | bevernéd | beverné | bevernénk (or bevernők) | bevernétek | bevernék | ||
| 2nd-p. o. | bevernélek | ― | ||||||
| Subjunctive mood | Present | Indef. | beverjek | beverj or beverjél | beverjen | beverjünk | beverjetek | beverjenek |
| Def. | beverjem | beverd or beverjed | beverje | beverjük | beverjétek | beverjék | ||
| 2nd-p. o. | beverjelek | ― | ||||||
| Infinitive | beverni | bevernem | beverned | bevernie | bevernünk | bevernetek | beverniük | |
| Other nonfinite verb forms | Verbal noun | Present participle | Past participle | Future part. | Adverbial part. | Potential | ||
| beverés | beverő | bevert | beverendő | beverve | beverhet | |||
Derived terms
- beverés
Further reading
- bever in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
- bever in Ittzés, Nóra (ed.). A magyar nyelv nagyszótára (’A Comprehensive Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 2006–2031 (work in progress; published A–ez as of 2023)
Ladino
Etymology
From Latin bibō, bibere.
Verb
bever (Latin spelling)
- to drink
Middle Dutch
Etymology
From Old Dutch *bevar, from Proto-Germanic *bebruz.
Noun
bēver m
- beaver
Inflection
This noun needs an inflection-table template.
Descendants
- Dutch: bever
- Afrikaans: bewer
- Limburgish: baever
Further reading
- “bever”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
- Verwijs, E.; Verdam, J. (1885–1929), “bever”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, →ISBN
Middle English
Etymology 1
Inherited from Old English befer, from Proto-West Germanic *bebru, from Proto-Germanic *bebruz, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰébʰrus.
Alternative forms
- beauver, beever, befer, beofer, beuver, bevere, bevre, bevyr, bevyre, bewer, byvre
Pronunciation
- (Early ME) IPA(key): /ˈbøːvər/
- IPA(key): /ˈbɛːvər/
Noun
bever (plural bevers)
- A beaver (rodent of the genus Castor).
- Beaver fur, skin, or pelt, or a similar cloth.
Descendants
- English: beaver
- Scots: bever, baiver
- → Irish: béabhar
References
- “bēver, n.(1).”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2019-04-23.
Etymology 2
Borrowed from Anglo-Norman bever (modern French boire), from Latin bibō.
Alternative forms
- bevere
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈbɛːvər/
Noun
bever (plural bevers)
- (rare, Late Middle English) beverage
Related terms
- beverage
Descendants
- English: bever
References
- “bēver, n.(2).”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2019-04-23.
Norwegian Bokmål
Etymology
From Middle Low German bever (compare with Dutch bever, German Biber and English beaver). The word replaced Old Norse bjórr (compare with Norwegian Nynorsk bjor).
Noun
bever m (definite singular beveren, indefinite plural bevere or bevre or bevrer, definite plural beverne or bevrene)
- a beaver (aquatic mammal)
- En bever kan veie opptil 40 kg.
- A beaver can weigh up to 40 kg.
- En bever kan veie opptil 40 kg.
- a beaver's fur
- Kåpen er av bever.
- The coat is made of beaver fur.
- Kåpen er av bever.
- a 6- to 8-year-old member of the Scouts
References
- “bever” in The Ordnett Dictionary
- “bever” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
- Article in Store norske leksikon ("great Norwegian encyclopedia") on beavers.
Norwegian Nynorsk
Etymology
From Middle Low German bever (compare Dutch bever, German German Biber and English beaver). The word replaced Old Norse bjórr (compare Norwegian Nynorsk bjor).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈbeːʋɛr/
Noun
bever m (definite singular beveren, indefinite plural beverar, definite plural beverane)
- beaver (aquatic mammal), a roden of the genus Castor, specifically the European beaver, Castor fiber
- Ein bever kan vege opptil 40 kg.
- A beaver can weigh up to 40 kg.
- Ein bever kan vege opptil 40 kg.
- a beaver's fur
- Kåpa er av bever.
- The coat is made of beaver fur.
- Kåpa er av bever.
- a 6- to 8-year-old member of the Scouts
Synonyms
- bjor
References
- “bever” in The Ordnett Dictionary
- “bever” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
- Article in Store norske leksikon ("great Norwegian encyclopedia") on beavers.
Occitan
Verb
bever
- Alternative form of beure
Conjugation
This verb needs an inflection-table template.
Old French
Etymology 1
see beivre
Verb
bever
- Alternative form of beivre
Conjugation
This verb conjugates as a third-group verb. This verb has irregularities in its conjugation. Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.
| simple | compound | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | bever | aveir beü | |||||
| gerund | en bevant | Use the gerund of aveir followed by the past participle | |||||
| present participle | bevant | ||||||
| past participle | beü | ||||||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | jo | tu | il | nos | vos | il | |
| simple tenses | present | bef | bes | bet | bevons | bevez | bevent |
| imperfect | beveie | beveies | beveit | beviiens, beviens | beviiez, beviez | beveient | |
| preterite | bevi | bevis | bevi | bevimes | bevistes | bevirent | |
| future | bevrai | bevras | bevra | bevrons | bevreiz, bevrez | bevront | |
| conditional | bevreie | bevreies | bevreit | bevriiens, bevriens | bevriiez, bevriez | bevreient | |
| compound tenses | present perfect | Use the present tense of aveir followed by the past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | Use the imperfect tense of aveir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| past anterior | Use the preterite tense of aveir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | Use the future tense of aveir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | Use the conditional tense of aveir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que jo | que tu | qu’il | que nos | que vos | qu’il | |
| simple tenses | present | beve | beves | beve | bevons | bevez | bevent |
| imperfect | bevisse | bevisses | bevist | bevissons, bevissiens | bevisseiz, bevissez, bevissiez | bevissent | |
| compound tenses | past | Use the present subjunctive of aveir followed by the past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | Use the imperfect subjunctive of aveir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | tu | – | nos | vos | – | |
| — | bef | — | bevons | bevez | — | ||
Etymology 2
Of Germanic origin, from Frankish *bebru. More at English beaver.
Noun
bever m (oblique plural bevers, nominative singular bevers, nominative plural bever)
- beaver (mammal)
Old Portuguese
Etymology
From Latin bibō (“I drink”), from Proto-Italic *pibō, from Proto-Indo-European *píph₃eti.
Cognate with Galician beber, Spanish beber, Catalan beure, Occitan beure, French boire, Italian bere and Romanian bea.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /be.ˈbeɾ/ (for beber)
- IPA(key): /be.ˈβeɾ/ (for bever)
Verb
bever
- to drink
Conjugation
Note: Although not all of these verbal inflections have been attested, they are all predictable according to the Old Portuguese conjugation system. | |||||||
| infinitive | bever beber | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| gerund | bevendo bebendo | ||||||
| past participle | singular | plural | |||||
| masculine | bevudo bebudo bevido bebido | bevudos bebudos bevidos bebidos | |||||
| feminine | bevuda bebuda bevida bebida | bevudas bebudas bevidas bebidas | |||||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | eu | tu | el~ele ela vossa mercee | nós nós outros nós outras | vós vós outros vós outras | eles elas | |
| present | bevo bebo | beves bebes | beve bebe | bevemos bebemos | bevedes bebedes | beven beben | |
| imperfect | bevia bebia | bevias bebias | bevia bebia | beviamos bebiamos | beviades bebiades | savian bebian | |
| preterite | bevi bebi | beveste bebestes | beveu bebeu | bevemos bebemos | bevestes bebestes | beveron beberon | |
| pluperfect | bevera bebera | beveras beberas | bevera bebera | beveramos beberamos | beverades beberades | beveran beberan | |
| future | beverei beberei | beverás beberás | beverá beberá | beveremos beberemos | beveredes beberedes | beverán beberán | |
| conditional | beveria beberia | beverias beberias | beveria beberia | beveriamos beberiamos | beveriades beberiades | beverian beberian | |
| subjunctive | eu | tu | el~ele ela vossa mercee | nós nós outros nós outras | vós vós outros vós outras | eles elas | |
| present | beva beba | bevas bebas | beva beba | bevamos bebamos | bevades bebades | bevan beban | |
| preterite | bevesse bebesse | bevesses bebesses | bevesse bebesse | bevêssemos bebêssemos | bevêssedes bebêssedes | bevessen bebessen | |
| future | bever beber | beveres beberes | bever beber | bevermos bebermos | beverdes beberdes | beveren beberen | |
| imperative | — | tu | vossa mercee | nós nós outros nós outras | vós vós outros vós outras | — | |
| affirmative | — | beve bebe *bevi *bebi | beva beba | bevamos bebamos | bevede bebede | — | |
| negative | — | bevas bebas | beva beba | bevamos bebamos | bevades bebades | — | |
| personal infinitive | eu | tu | el~ele ela vossa mercee | nós nós outros nós outras | vós vós outros vós outras | eles elas | |
| bever beber | beveres beberes | bever beber | bevermos bebermos | beverdes beberdes | beveren beberen | ||
Descendants
- Galician: beber
- Portuguese: beber
- Kabuverdianu: bebe
- Papiamentu: bebe, bebi
- Papiamentu: bebe, bebi
- Kabuverdianu: bebe
Romansch
Alternative forms
- (Rumantsch Grischun, Puter, Vallader) baiver
- (Sursilvan) beiber
- (Sutsilvan) beber
Etymology
From Latin bibō, bibere.
Verb
bever
- (Sutsilvan, Surmiran) to drink