ὀρθόω
Ancient Greek
Etymology
ὀρθός (orthós, “straight”) + -όω (-óō, factitive verb suffix)
Pronunciation
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /or.tʰó.ɔː/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /orˈtʰo.o/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /orˈθo.o/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /orˈθo.o/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /orˈθo.o/
Verb
ὀρθόω • (orthóō)
- (transitive) To set upright, raise up (something or someone that has fallen down)
- (transitive) To build or rebuild
- (passive) To stand up (get up from a sitting position)
- (transitive) To straighten
- (figuratively, transitive) To restore to health or happiness
- (transitive) To exalt, honor; to make famous
- (transitive) To correct
- 458 BCE, Aeschylus, Agamemnon 1475:
- νῦν δ' ὤρθωσας στόματος γνώμην
- nûn d' ṓrthōsas stómatos gnṓmēn
- Now you have corrected the judgement of your mouth
- νῦν δ' ὤρθωσας στόματος γνώμην
- (transitive) To bring to a happy end; (passive) To succeed, prosper, flourish
- 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 4.18.4:
- διὰ τὸ μὴ τῷ ὀρθουμένῳ πιστεύοντες ἐπαίρεσθαι
- dià tò mḕ tôi orthouménōi pisteúontes epaíresthai
- because [they] are not overly excited by being confident in success
- διὰ τὸ μὴ τῷ ὀρθουμένῳ πιστεύοντες ἐπαίρεσθαι
Conjugation
Present: ὀρθῶ, ὀρθοῦμαι (Contracted)
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ὀρθῶ | ὀρθοῖς | ὀρθοῖ | ὀρθοῦτον | ὀρθοῦτον | ὀρθοῦμεν | ὀρθοῦτε | ὀρθοῦσῐ(ν) | ||||
subjunctive | ὀρθῶ | ὀρθοῖς | ὀρθοῖ | ὀρθῶτον | ὀρθῶτον | ὀρθῶμεν | ὀρθῶτε | ὀρθῶσῐ(ν) | |||||
optative | ὀρθοίην, ὀρθοῖμῐ | ὀρθοίης, ὀρθοῖς | ὀρθοίη, ὀρθοῖ | ὀρθοῖτον, ὀρθοίητον | ὀρθοίτην, ὀρθοιήτην | ὀρθοῖμεν, ὀρθοίημεν | ὀρθοῖτε, ὀρθοίητε | ὀρθοῖεν, ὀρθοίησᾰν | |||||
imperative | ὄρθου | ὀρθούτω | ὀρθοῦτον | ὀρθούτων | ὀρθοῦτε | ὀρθούντων | |||||||
middle/ passive | indicative | ὀρθοῦμαι | ὀρθοῖ | ὀρθοῦται | ὀρθοῦσθον | ὀρθοῦσθον | ὀρθούμεθᾰ | ὀρθοῦσθε | ὀρθοῦνται | ||||
subjunctive | ὀρθῶμαι | ὀρθοῖ | ὀρθῶται | ὀρθῶσθον | ὀρθῶσθον | ὀρθώμεθᾰ | ὀρθῶσθε | ὀρθῶνται | |||||
optative | ὀρθοίμην | ὀρθοῖο | ὀρθοῖτο | ὀρθοῖσθον | ὀρθοίσθην | ὀρθοίμεθᾰ | ὀρθοῖσθε | ὀρθοῖντο | |||||
imperative | ὀρθοῦ | ὀρθούσθω | ὀρθοῦσθον | ὀρθούσθων | ὀρθοῦσθε | ὀρθούσθων | |||||||
active | middle/passive | ||||||||||||
infinitive | ὀρθοῦν | ὀρθοῦσθαι | |||||||||||
participle | m | ὀρθῶν | ὀρθούμενος | ||||||||||
f | ὀρθοῦσᾰ | ὀρθουμένη | |||||||||||
n | ὀρθοῦν | ὀρθούμενον | |||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. |
Imperfect: ὤρθουν, ὠρθούμην (Contracted)
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ὤρθουν | ὤρθους | ὤρθου | ὠρθοῦτον | ὠρθούτην | ὠρθοῦμεν | ὠρθοῦτε | ὤρθουν | ||||
middle/ passive | indicative | ὠρθούμην | ὠρθοῦ | ὠρθοῦτο | ὠρθοῦσθον | ὠρθούσθην | ὠρθούμεθᾰ | ὠρθοῦσθε | ὠρθοῦντο | ||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. |
Aorist: ὤρθωσᾰ, ὠρθωσᾰ́μην, ὠρθώθην
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ὤρθωσᾰ | ὤρθωσᾰς | ὤρθωσε(ν) | ὠρθώσᾰτον | ὠρθωσᾰ́την | ὠρθώσᾰμεν | ὠρθώσᾰτε | ὤρθωσᾰν | ||||
subjunctive | ὀρθώσω | ὀρθώσῃς | ὀρθώσῃ | ὀρθώσητον | ὀρθώσητον | ὀρθώσωμεν | ὀρθώσητε | ὀρθώσωσῐ(ν) | |||||
optative | ὀρθώσαιμῐ | ὀρθώσειᾰς, ὀρθώσαις | ὀρθώσειε(ν), ὀρθώσαι | ὀρθώσαιτον | ὀρθωσαίτην | ὀρθώσαιμεν | ὀρθώσαιτε | ὀρθώσειᾰν, ὀρθώσαιεν | |||||
imperative | ὄρθωσον | ὀρθωσᾰ́τω | ὀρθώσᾰτον | ὀρθωσᾰ́των | ὀρθώσᾰτε | ὀρθωσᾰ́ντων | |||||||
middle | indicative | ὠρθωσᾰ́μην | ὠρθώσω | ὠρθώσᾰτο | ὠρθώσᾰσθον | ὠρθωσᾰ́σθην | ὠρθωσᾰ́μεθᾰ | ὠρθώσᾰσθε | ὠρθώσᾰντο | ||||
subjunctive | ὀρθώσωμαι | ὀρθώσῃ | ὀρθώσηται | ὀρθώσησθον | ὀρθώσησθον | ὀρθωσώμεθᾰ | ὀρθώσησθε | ὀρθώσωνται | |||||
optative | ὀρθωσαίμην | ὀρθώσαιο | ὀρθώσαιτο | ὀρθώσαισθον | ὀρθωσαίσθην | ὀρθωσαίμεθᾰ | ὀρθώσαισθε | ὀρθώσαιντο | |||||
imperative | ὄρθωσαι | ὀρθωσᾰ́σθω | ὀρθώσᾰσθον | ὀρθωσᾰ́σθων | ὀρθώσᾰσθε | ὀρθωσᾰ́σθων | |||||||
passive | indicative | ὠρθώθην | ὠρθώθης | ὠρθώθη | ὠρθώθητον | ὠρθωθήτην | ὠρθώθημεν | ὠρθώθητε | ὠρθώθησᾰν | ||||
subjunctive | ὀρθωθῶ | ὀρθωθῇς | ὀρθωθῇ | ὀρθωθῆτον | ὀρθωθῆτον | ὀρθωθῶμεν | ὀρθωθῆτε | ὀρθωθῶσῐ(ν) | |||||
optative | ὀρθωθείην | ὀρθωθείης | ὀρθωθείη | ὀρθωθεῖτον, ὀρθωθείητον | ὀρθωθείτην, ὀρθωθειήτην | ὀρθωθεῖμεν, ὀρθωθείημεν | ὀρθωθεῖτε, ὀρθωθείητε | ὀρθωθεῖεν, ὀρθωθείησᾰν | |||||
imperative | ὀρθώθητῐ | ὀρθωθήτω | ὀρθώθητον | ὀρθωθήτων | ὀρθώθητε | ὀρθωθέντων | |||||||
active | middle | passive | |||||||||||
infinitive | ὀρθῶσαι | ὀρθώσᾰσθαι | ὀρθωθῆναι | ||||||||||
participle | m | ὀρθώσᾱς | ὀρθωσᾰ́μενος | ὀρθωθείς | |||||||||
f | ὀρθώσᾱσᾰ | ὀρθωσᾰμένη | ὀρθωθεῖσᾰ | ||||||||||
n | ὀρθῶσᾰν | ὀρθωσᾰ́μενον | ὀρθωθέν | ||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. |
Derived terms
- ὄρθωσις (órthōsis)
References
- ὀρθόω in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press