ὀκτώπους
Ancient Greek
Etymology
From ὀκτώ (oktṓ, “eight”) + πούς (poús, “foot”).
Pronunciation
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /ok.tɔ̌ː.poːs/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /okˈto.pus/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /okˈto.pus/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /okˈto.pus/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /okˈto.pus/
Adjective
ὀκτώπους • (oktṓpous) m, f (neuter ὀκτώπουν); third declension
- eight-footed
Inflection
Third declension of ὀκτώπους; ὀκτώπουν (Attic)
Number | Singular | Dual | Plural | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Case/Gender | Masculine / Feminine | Neuter | Masculine / Feminine | Neuter | Masculine / Feminine | Neuter | ||||||||
Nominative | ὀκτώπους oktṓpous | ὀκτώπουν oktṓpoun | ὀκτώποδε oktṓpode | ὀκτώποδε oktṓpode | ὀκτώποδες oktṓpodes | ὀκτώποδᾰ oktṓpoda | ||||||||
Genitive | ὀκτώποδος oktṓpodos | ὀκτώποδος oktṓpodos | ὀκτωπόδοιν oktōpódoin | ὀκτωπόδοιν oktōpódoin | ὀκτωπόδων oktōpódōn | ὀκτωπόδων oktōpódōn | ||||||||
Dative | ὀκτώποδῐ oktṓpodi | ὀκτώποδῐ oktṓpodi | ὀκτωπόδοιν oktōpódoin | ὀκτωπόδοιν oktōpódoin | ὀκτώποσῐ / ὀκτώποσῐν oktṓposi(n) | ὀκτώποσῐ / ὀκτώποσῐν oktṓposi(n) | ||||||||
Accusative | ὀκτώποδᾰ oktṓpoda | ὀκτώπουν oktṓpoun | ὀκτώποδε oktṓpode | ὀκτώποδε oktṓpode | ὀκτώποδᾰς oktṓpodas | ὀκτώποδᾰ oktṓpoda | ||||||||
Vocative | ὀκτώπους oktṓpous | ὀκτώπουν oktṓpoun | ὀκτώποδε oktṓpode | ὀκτώποδε oktṓpode | ὀκτώποδες oktṓpodes | ὀκτώποδᾰ oktṓpoda | ||||||||
Derived forms | Adverb | Comparative | Superlative | |||||||||||
ὀκτωπόδως oktōpódōs | — | — | ||||||||||||
Notes: |
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Noun
ὀκτώπους • (oktṓpous) m (genitive ὀκτώποδος); third declension
- octopus
Inflection
Third declension of ὁ ὀκτώπους; τοῦ ὀκτώποδος (Attic)
Case / # | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nominative | ὁ ὀκτώπους ho oktṓpous | τὼ ὀκτώποδε tṑ oktṓpode | οἱ ὀκτώποδες hoi oktṓpodes | ||||||||||
Genitive | τοῦ ὀκτώποδος toû oktṓpodos | τοῖν ὀκτωπόδοιν toîn oktōpódoin | τῶν ὀκτωπόδων tôn oktōpódōn | ||||||||||
Dative | τῷ ὀκτώποδῐ tôi oktṓpodi | τοῖν ὀκτωπόδοιν toîn oktōpódoin | τοῖς ὀκτώποσῐ / ὀκτώποσῐν toîs oktṓposi(n) | ||||||||||
Accusative | τὸν ὀκτώποδᾰ tòn oktṓpoda | τὼ ὀκτώποδε tṑ oktṓpode | τοὺς ὀκτώποδᾰς toùs oktṓpodas | ||||||||||
Vocative | ὀκτώπους oktṓpous | ὀκτώποδε oktṓpode | ὀκτώποδες oktṓpodes | ||||||||||
Notes: |
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Descendants
Many words for "octopus" in other languages are calques of "eight-foot" or from Latin polypus. Some languages have more than one word for octopus from these sources, or from other sources altogether. Some of the languages that do have a word for "octopus" ultimately from this Ancient Greek source may also have a more primary term from another source.
- Arabic: أخطبوط (ʼuḫṭubūṭ)
- Bulgarian: октоподи (oktopodi)
- Czech: oktopoda
- Dutch: octopus
- English: octopus
- Irish: ochtapas
- Greek: χταπόδι (chtapódi)
- plural: χταπόδια (chtapódia)
- Kurdish: ahtepot
- Latin: octopus (plural octopodes)
- Persian: اختاپوس
- Serbo-Croatian: октопод (oktopod)
- Spanish: octopoda
- Turkish: ahtapot
References
- ὀκτώπους in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- ὀκτώπους in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- ὀκτώπους in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- ὀκτώπους in Trapp, Erich, et al. (1994–2007) Lexikon zur byzantinischen Gräzität besonders des 9.-12. Jahrhunderts [the Lexicon of Byzantine Hellenism, Particularly the 9th–12th Centuries], Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften