ἴσος
See also: ίσος, ἶσος, ίσως, and ἴσως
Ancient Greek
Alternative forms
- ἶσος (îsos), ἐΐση (eḯsē) – Epic
- ϝίσϝος (wíswos) – Cretan, Arcadocypriot
Etymology
Cretan and Arcadocypriot form suggest Proto-Hellenic *wíswos, perhaps from a Proto-Indo-European *wi- (“to separate”). Compare Vedic Sanskrit विश्व (viśva, “all, every; whole, entire, universal”), Proto-Slavic *vьśь (“all; village”) and English with.
Pronunciation
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /í.sos/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ˈi.sos/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ˈi.sos/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /ˈi.sos/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ˈi.sos/
Adjective
ῐ̓́σος • (ísos) m (feminine ῐ̓́ση, neuter ῐ̓́σον); first/second declension
- (of size, strength, or number) equal (to), equivalent (to), the same as [+dative = something, someone]
- (of appearance) like [+dative = something, someone]
- (with implied reference point) like, similar
- (with pronoun) like someone's x
- repeated to denote relationship between equal persons or things
- ἴσα πρὸς ἴσα ― ísa pròs ísa ― tit for tat
- (not comparable, mathematics) equal to [+dative = a number]; (in the plural) equal (to each other)
- (not comparable, geometry, of lines) of equal length; (of shapes) congruent; of equal area
- just, fair
- (comparable, politics) equal in rights, based on equality of rights
- (of persons) impartial
- neuter plural τὰ ἴσα (tà ísa) as substantive: equal rights, equality
- (rare) adequate
- (of land) even, level, flat
- neuter singular (τὸ) ἴσον ((tò) íson) as substantive: level ground
- εἰς τὸ ἴσον
- eis tò íson
- (on)to level ground
- neuter singular (τὸ) ἴσον ((tò) íson) as substantive: level ground
- ὡς ἰσαίτατα (hōs isaítata): as equally as possible
- 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Constitution of the Athenians :
- τοὺς δ’ ἑκατὸν ἄνδρας διανεῖμαι σφᾶς τε αὐτοὺς καὶ τοὺς ἄλλους τέτταρα μέρη ὡς ἰσαίτατα
- toùs d’ hekatòn ándras dianeîmai sphâs te autoùs kaì toùs állous téttara mérē hōs isaítata
- for the Hundred Men to divide themselves and the others into four divisions as equally as possible
- τοὺς δ’ ἑκατὸν ἄνδρας διανεῖμαι σφᾶς τε αὐτοὺς καὶ τοὺς ἄλλους τέτταρα μέρη ὡς ἰσαίτατα
- 428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Laws 5.744c:
- τὰς τιμάς τε καὶ ἀρχὰς ὡς ἰσαίτατα τῷ ἀνίσῳ συμμέτρῳ δὲ ἀπολαμβάνοντες
- tàs timás te kaì arkhàs hōs isaítata tôi anísōi summétrōi dè apolambánontes
- receiving honors and offices as equally as possible by the rule of symmetrical inequality
- τὰς τιμάς τε καὶ ἀρχὰς ὡς ἰσαίτατα τῷ ἀνίσῳ συμμέτρῳ δὲ ἀπολαμβάνοντες
Declension
First and second declension of ῐ̓́σος; ῐ̓́ση; ῐ̓́σον (Attic)
Number | Singular | Dual | Plural | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Case/Gender | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |||||
Nominative | ῐ̓́σος ísos | ῐ̓́ση ísē | ῐ̓́σον íson | ῐ̓́σω ísō | ῐ̓́σᾱ ísā | ῐ̓́σω ísō | ῐ̓́σοι ísoi | ῐ̓́σαι ísai | ῐ̓́σᾰ ísa | |||||
Genitive | ῐ̓́σου ísou | ῐ̓́σης ísēs | ῐ̓́σου ísou | ῐ̓́σοιν ísoin | ῐ̓́σαιν ísain | ῐ̓́σοιν ísoin | ῐ̓́σων ísōn | ῐ̓́σων ísōn | ῐ̓́σων ísōn | |||||
Dative | ῐ̓́σῳ ísōi | ῐ̓́σῃ ísēi | ῐ̓́σῳ ísōi | ῐ̓́σοιν ísoin | ῐ̓́σαιν ísain | ῐ̓́σοιν ísoin | ῐ̓́σοις ísois | ῐ̓́σαις ísais | ῐ̓́σοις ísois | |||||
Accusative | ῐ̓́σον íson | ῐ̓́σην ísēn | ῐ̓́σον íson | ῐ̓́σω ísō | ῐ̓́σᾱ ísā | ῐ̓́σω ísō | ῐ̓́σους ísous | ῐ̓́σᾱς ísās | ῐ̓́σᾰ ísa | |||||
Vocative | ῐ̓́σε íse | ῐ̓́ση ísē | ῐ̓́σον íson | ῐ̓́σω ísō | ῐ̓́σᾱ ísā | ῐ̓́σω ísō | ῐ̓́σοι ísoi | ῐ̓́σαι ísai | ῐ̓́σᾰ ísa | |||||
Derived forms | Adverb | Comparative | Superlative | |||||||||||
ῐ̓́σως / ῐ̓́σον / ῐ̓́σα ísōs / íson / ísa | ῐ̓σαίτερος isaíteros | ῐ̓σαίτᾰτος isaítatos | ||||||||||||
Notes: |
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Synonyms
- (same): αὐτός (autós), ὁμός (homós)
Derived terms
- ἄνισος (ánisos)
- Ἰσαγόρας (Isagóras)
- ἰσοδίαιτος (isodíaitos)
- ἰσόθεος (isótheos)
- ἰσοκρᾰτής (isokratḗs)
- Ἰσοκράτης (Isokrátēs)
- ἰσόπῠρον (isópuron)
- ἰσότης (isótēs)
Descendants
- Greek: ίσος (ísos)
Further reading
- “ἴσος”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “ἴσος”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- ἴσος in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
- “ἴσος”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
- G2470 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
- Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
- analogous idem, page 28.
- commensurate idem, page 147.
- corresponding idem, page 176.
- disinterested idem, page 234.
- equal idem, page 280.
- equitable idem, page 280.
- equivalent to idem, page 281.
- even idem, page 284.
- fair idem, page 302.
- honest idem, page 404.
- impartial idem, page 419.
- just idem, page 466.
- level idem, page 486.
- like idem, page 491.
- parallel idem, page 591.
- right idem, page 714.
- similar idem, page 776.
- unbiassed idem, page 908.
- unprejudiced idem, page 927.
- upright idem, page 938.