ἰάπτω
Ancient Greek
Etymology
Unclear. Often combined with ἴπτομαι (íptomai, “to press hard, oppress”), but this is semantically difficult. It is uncertain whether the original present of ἰάψαι (iápsai) is contained in ἰασσεῖν (iasseîn, “to be angry, bite”). The verb has also been linked to ἵημι (híēmi, “to send, throw”) and Latin iaciō (“to throw, hurl, cast”).
Pronunciation
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /i.áp.tɔː/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /iˈap.to/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /iˈap.to/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /iˈap.to/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /iˈap.to/
Verb
ἰᾰ́πτω • (iáptō)
- to send forth, drive on, shoot
- to rush, hurry
Inflection
Present: ἰᾰ́πτω, ἰᾰ́πτομαι
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ἰᾰ́πτω | ἰᾰ́πτεις | ἰᾰ́πτει | ἰᾰ́πτετον | ἰᾰ́πτετον | ἰᾰ́πτομεν | ἰᾰ́πτετε | ἰᾰ́πτουσῐ(ν) | ||||
subjunctive | ἰᾰ́πτω | ἰᾰ́πτῃς | ἰᾰ́πτῃ | ἰᾰ́πτητον | ἰᾰ́πτητον | ἰᾰ́πτωμεν | ἰᾰ́πτητε | ἰᾰ́πτωσῐ(ν) | |||||
optative | ἰᾰ́πτοιμῐ | ἰᾰ́πτοις | ἰᾰ́πτοι | ἰᾰ́πτοιτον | ἰᾰπτοίτην | ἰᾰ́πτοιμεν | ἰᾰ́πτοιτε | ἰᾰ́πτοιεν | |||||
imperative | ἴᾰπτε | ἰᾰπτέτω | ἰᾰ́πτετον | ἰᾰπτέτων | ἰᾰ́πτετε | ἰᾰπτόντων | |||||||
middle/ passive | indicative | ἰᾰ́πτομαι | ἰᾰ́πτῃ, ἰᾰ́πτει | ἰᾰ́πτεται | ἰᾰ́πτεσθον | ἰᾰ́πτεσθον | ἰᾰπτόμεθᾰ | ἰᾰ́πτεσθε | ἰᾰ́πτονται | ||||
subjunctive | ἰᾰ́πτωμαι | ἰᾰ́πτῃ | ἰᾰ́πτηται | ἰᾰ́πτησθον | ἰᾰ́πτησθον | ἰᾰπτώμεθᾰ | ἰᾰ́πτησθε | ἰᾰ́πτωνται | |||||
optative | ἰᾰπτοίμην | ἰᾰ́πτοιο | ἰᾰ́πτοιτο | ἰᾰ́πτοισθον | ἰᾰπτοίσθην | ἰᾰπτοίμεθᾰ | ἰᾰ́πτοισθε | ἰᾰ́πτοιντο | |||||
imperative | ἰᾰ́πτου | ἰᾰπτέσθω | ἰᾰ́πτεσθον | ἰᾰπτέσθων | ἰᾰ́πτεσθε | ἰᾰπτέσθων | |||||||
active | middle/passive | ||||||||||||
infinitive | ἰᾰ́πτειν | ἰᾰ́πτεσθαι | |||||||||||
participle | m | ἰᾰ́πτων | ἰᾰπτόμενος | ||||||||||
f | ἰᾰ́πτουσᾰ | ἰᾰπτομένη | |||||||||||
n | ἰᾰ́πτον | ἰᾰπτόμενον | |||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. |
Imperfect: ἴᾰπτον, ἰᾰπτόμην
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ἴᾰπτον | ἴᾰπτες | ἴᾰπτε(ν) | ἰᾰ́πτετον | ἰᾰπτέτην | ἰᾰ́πτομεν | ἰᾰ́πτετε | ἴᾰπτον | ||||
middle/ passive | indicative | ἰᾰπτόμην | ἰᾰ́πτου | ἰᾰ́πτετο | ἰᾰ́πτεσθον | ἰᾰπτέσθην | ἰᾰπτόμεθᾰ | ἰᾰ́πτεσθε | ἰᾰ́πτοντο | ||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. |
Future: ἰᾰ́ψω, ἰᾰ́ψομαι
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ἰᾰ́ψω | ἰᾰ́ψεις | ἰᾰ́ψει | ἰᾰ́ψετον | ἰᾰ́ψετον | ἰᾰ́ψομεν | ἰᾰ́ψετε | ἰᾰ́ψουσῐ(ν) | ||||
optative | ἰᾰ́ψοιμῐ | ἰᾰ́ψοις | ἰᾰ́ψοι | ἰᾰ́ψοιτον | ἰᾰψοίτην | ἰᾰ́ψοιμεν | ἰᾰ́ψοιτε | ἰᾰ́ψοιεν | |||||
middle | indicative | ἰᾰ́ψομαι | ἰᾰ́ψῃ, ἰᾰ́ψει | ἰᾰ́ψεται | ἰᾰ́ψεσθον | ἰᾰ́ψεσθον | ἰᾰψόμεθᾰ | ἰᾰ́ψεσθε | ἰᾰ́ψονται | ||||
optative | ἰᾰψοίμην | ἰᾰ́ψοιο | ἰᾰ́ψοιτο | ἰᾰ́ψοισθον | ἰᾰψοίσθην | ἰᾰψοίμεθᾰ | ἰᾰ́ψοισθε | ἰᾰ́ψοιντο | |||||
active | middle | ||||||||||||
infinitive | ἰᾰ́ψειν | ἰᾰ́ψεσθαι | |||||||||||
participle | m | ἰᾰ́ψων | ἰᾰψόμενος | ||||||||||
f | ἰᾰ́ψουσᾰ | ἰᾰψομένη | |||||||||||
n | ἰᾰ́ψον | ἰᾰψόμενον | |||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. |
Aorist: ἴᾰψᾰ, ἰᾰψᾰ́μην
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ἴᾰψᾰ | ἴᾰψᾰς | ἴᾰψε(ν) | ἰᾰ́ψᾰτον | ἰᾰψᾰ́την | ἰᾰ́ψᾰμεν | ἰᾰ́ψᾰτε | ἴᾰψᾰν | ||||
subjunctive | ἰᾰ́φθω | ἰᾰ́φθῃς | ἰᾰ́φθῃ | ἰᾰ́φθητον | ἰᾰ́φθητον | ἰᾰ́φθωμεν | ἰᾰ́φθητε | ἰᾰ́φθωσῐ(ν) | |||||
optative | ἰᾰ́φθαιμῐ | ἰᾰ́φθειᾰς, ἰᾰ́φθαις | ἰᾰ́φθειε(ν), ἰᾰ́φθαι | ἰᾰ́φθαιτον | ἰᾰφθαίτην | ἰᾰ́φθαιμεν | ἰᾰ́φθαιτε | ἰᾰ́φθειᾰν, ἰᾰ́φθαιεν | |||||
imperative | ἴᾰφθον | ἰᾰφθᾰ́τω | ἰᾰ́φθᾰτον | ἰᾰφθᾰ́των | ἰᾰ́φθᾰτε | ἰᾰφθᾰ́ντων | |||||||
middle | indicative | ἰᾰψᾰ́μην | ἰᾰ́ψω | ἰᾰ́ψᾰτο | ἰᾰ́ψᾰσθον | ἰᾰψᾰ́σθην | ἰᾰψᾰ́μεθᾰ | ἰᾰ́ψᾰσθε | ἰᾰ́ψᾰντο | ||||
subjunctive | ἰᾰ́φθωμαι | ἰᾰ́φθῃ | ἰᾰ́φθηται | ἰᾰ́φθησθον | ἰᾰ́φθησθον | ἰᾰφθώμεθᾰ | ἰᾰ́φθησθε | ἰᾰ́φθωνται | |||||
optative | ἰᾰφθαίμην | ἰᾰ́φθαιο | ἰᾰ́φθαιτο | ἰᾰ́φθαισθον | ἰᾰφθαίσθην | ἰᾰφθαίμεθᾰ | ἰᾰ́φθαισθε | ἰᾰ́φθαιντο | |||||
imperative | ἴᾰφθαι | ἰᾰφθᾰ́σθω | ἰᾰ́φθᾰσθον | ἰᾰφθᾰ́σθων | ἰᾰ́φθᾰσθε | ἰᾰφθᾰ́σθων | |||||||
active | middle | ||||||||||||
infinitive | ἰᾰ́φθαι | ἰᾰ́φθᾰσθαι | |||||||||||
participle | m | ἰᾰ́φθᾱς | ἰᾰφθᾰ́μενος | ||||||||||
f | ἰᾰ́φθᾱσᾰ | ἰᾰφθᾰμένη | |||||||||||
n | ἰᾰ́φθᾰν | ἰᾰφθᾰ́μενον | |||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. |
Derived terms
- κᾰτῐᾰ́πτω (katiáptō)
- περῐᾰ́πτω (periáptō)
- προϊᾰ́πτω (proïáptō)
Further reading
- ἰάπτω in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- ἰάπτω in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- ἰάπτω in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
- ἰάπτω in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- ἰάπτω in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
- Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN