ἧμαι
Ancient Greek
Alternative forms
- κάθημαι (káthēmai) (frequently in place of ἧμαι)
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *h₁ḗsti. Cognate with Sanskrit आस्ते (ā́ste), Hittite [script needed] (ēša), Hittite [script needed] (āšzi).[1] The initial /h/ is due to influence from etymologically unrelated forms derived from *sed- (“to sit”).
Pronunciation
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /hɛ̂ː.mai̯/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ˈ(h)e̝.mɛ/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ˈi.mɛ/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /ˈi.me/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ˈi.me/
Verb
ἧμαι • (hêmai)
- I sit, am seated; I lie, am situated
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 1.498:
- εὗρεν δ’ εὐρύοπα Κρονίδην ἄτερ ἥμενον ἄλλων
- heûren d’ eurúopa Kronídēn áter hḗmenon állōn
- There she found the far-seeing son of Cronos sitting apart from the rest
- εὗρεν δ’ εὐρύοπα Κρονίδην ἄτερ ἥμενον ἄλλων
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 18.509:
- τὴν δ’ ἑτέρην πόλιν ἀμφὶ δύω στρατοὶ ἥατο λαῶν τεύχεσι λαμπόμενοι
- tḕn d’ hetérēn pólin amphì dúō stratoì hḗato laôn teúkhesi lampómenoi
- About the other city there lay encamped two hosts in gleaming armour
- τὴν δ’ ἑτέρην πόλιν ἀμφὶ δύω στρατοὶ ἥατο λαῶν τεύχεσι λαμπόμενοι
- I lie hid
Inflection
The missing tenses are supplied by ἕζομαι (hézomai), ἵζω (hízō) and ἵζομαι (hízomai).
Perfect: ἧμαι with present meaning
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
passive | indicative | ἧμαι | ἧσαι | ἧσται | ἧσθον | ἧσθον | ἥμεθᾰ | ἧσθε | ἥαται, εἵαται, ἕαται | ||||
subjunctive | ἥμενος ὦ | ἥμενος ᾖς | ἥμενος ᾖ | ἥμενω ἦτον | ἥμενω ἦτον | ἥμενοι ὦμεν | ἥμενοι ἦτε | ἥμενοι ὦσῐ(ν) | |||||
optative | ἥμενος εἴην | ἥμενος εἴης | ἥμενος εἴη | ἥμενω εἴητον/εἶτον | ἥμενω εἰήτην/εἴτην | ἥμενοι εἴημεν/εἶμεν | ἥμενοι εἴητε/εἶτε | ἥμενοι εἴησᾰν/εἶεν | |||||
imperative | ἧσο | ἥσθω | ἧσθον | ἥσθων | ἧσθε | ἥσθων | |||||||
infinitive | ἧσθαι | ||||||||||||
participle | m | ἥμενος | |||||||||||
f | ἥμενη | ||||||||||||
n | ἥμενον | ||||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. |
Pluperfect: ἥμην with imperfect meaning
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
passive | indicative | ἥμην | ἧσο | ἧστο | ἧσθον | ἥσθην | ἥμεθᾰ | ἧσθε | ἥατο, εἵατο, ἕατο, ἧντο | ||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. |
Synonyms
- κᾰθέζομαι (kathézomai), ἕζομαι (hézomai, “sit oneself, sit down”)
- κᾰ́θημαι (káthēmai), ἧμαι (hêmai, “to be seated”)
- κᾰθῐζᾰ́νω (kathizánō), ῐ̔ζᾰ́νω (hizánō, “to cause to sit, to sit down”)
- κᾰθῐ́ζω (kathízō), ῐ̔́ζω (hízō, “to cause to sit, to sit down”)
Derived terms
- ἄφημαι (áphēmai)
- ἔνημαι (énēmai)
- ἔφημαι (éphēmai)
- κάθημαι (káthēmai)
- μέθημαι (méthēmai)
- παρήμενος (parḗmenos)
- πρόσημαι (prósēmai)
- ὕφημαι (húphēmai)
References
- “ἧμαι”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “ἧμαι”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- “ἧμαι”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
- ἧμαι in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- ἧμαι in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
- “ἧμαι”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
- Smyth, Herbert Weir (1920), “Part II: Inflection”, in A Greek grammar for colleges, Cambridge: American Book Company, § 789
- Mallory, J. P.; Adams, D. Q. (2006) The Oxford Introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European World (Oxford Linguistics), New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 296