ἧλος
Ancient Greek
Alternative forms
- ἇλος (hâlos) – Doric
- ϝάλλοι (wálloi) – Aeolic
Etymology
According to Beekes, because of the Aeolic variation the word could be equated to Latin vallus (“stake, pole”), which is from Proto-Indo-European *welH- (“to turn”).
Pronunciation
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /hɛ̂ː.los/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ˈ(h)e̝.los/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ˈi.los/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /ˈi.los/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ˈi.los/
Noun
ἧλος • (hêlos) m (genitive ἥλου); second declension
- nailhead, stud
- (in general) nail
- (pathology) wart, callus (also on plants)
Inflection
Second declension of ὁ ἧλος; τοῦ ἥλου (Attic)
Case / # | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nominative | ὁ ἧλος ho hêlos | τὼ ἥλω tṑ hḗlō | οἱ ἧλοι hoi hêloi | ||||||||||
Genitive | τοῦ ἥλου toû hḗlou | τοῖν ἥλοιν toîn hḗloin | τῶν ἥλων tôn hḗlōn | ||||||||||
Dative | τῷ ἥλῳ tôi hḗlōi | τοῖν ἥλοιν toîn hḗloin | τοῖς ἥλοις toîs hḗlois | ||||||||||
Accusative | τὸν ἧλον tòn hêlon | τὼ ἥλω tṑ hḗlō | τοὺς ἥλους toùs hḗlous | ||||||||||
Vocative | ἧλε hêle | ἥλω hḗlō | ἧλοι hêloi | ||||||||||
Notes: |
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Derived terms
- ἀργυρόηλος (arguróēlos)
- ἡλάριον (hēlárion)
- ἡλίσκος (hēlískos)
- ἡλῖτις (hēlîtis)
- ἡλόκεντρον (hēlókentron)
- ἡλοκοπέω (hēlokopéō)
- ἡλοπαγής (hēlopagḗs)
- ἡλόπληκτος (hēlóplēktos)
- ἡλοποιός (hēlopoiós)
- ἡλόω (hēlóō)
Descendants
- Greek: ήλος (ílos)
Further reading
- “ἧλος”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “ἧλος”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- ἧλος in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN