ἦθος
Ancient Greek
Etymology
Expanded form of ἔθος (éthos). Cognate to Sanskrit स्वधा (svádhā, “habit, custom”).
Pronunciation
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /ɛ̂ː.tʰos/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ˈe̝.tʰos/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ˈi.θos/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /ˈi.θos/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ˈi.θos/
Noun
ἦθος • (êthos) n (genitive ἤθους); third declension
- character
- custom, habit
Inflection
Third declension of τὸ ἦθος; τοῦ ἤθους (Attic)
Case / # | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nominative | τὸ ἦθος tò êthos | τὼ ἤθει tṑ ḗthei | τᾰ̀ ἤθη tà ḗthē | ||||||||||
Genitive | τοῦ ἤθους toû ḗthous | τοῖν ἠθοῖν toîn ēthoîn | τῶν ἠθῶν tôn ēthôn | ||||||||||
Dative | τῷ ἤθει tôi ḗthei | τοῖν ἠθοῖν toîn ēthoîn | τοῖς ἤθεσῐ / ἤθεσῐν toîs ḗthesi(n) | ||||||||||
Accusative | τὸ ἦθος tò êthos | τὼ ἤθει tṑ ḗthei | τᾰ̀ ἤθη tà ḗthē | ||||||||||
Vocative | ἦθος êthos | ἤθει ḗthei | ἤθη ḗthē | ||||||||||
Notes: |
|
Third declension of ἦθος; ἤθεος (Epic)
Case / # | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nominative | ἦθος êthos | ἤθει / ἤθεε ḗthei / ḗthee | ἤθεᾰ ḗthea | ||||||||||
Genitive | ἤθεος / ἤθευς ḗtheos / ḗtheus | ἠθέοιν ēthéoin | ἠθέων ēthéōn | ||||||||||
Dative | ἤθει / ἤθεῐ̈ ḗthei / ḗtheï | ἠθέοιν ēthéoin | ἤθεσῐ / ἤθεσῐν ḗthesi(n) | ||||||||||
Accusative | ἦθος êthos | ἤθει / ἤθεε ḗthei / ḗthee | ἤθεᾰ ḗthea | ||||||||||
Vocative | ἦθος êthos | ἤθει / ἤθεε ḗthei / ḗthee | ἤθεᾰ ḗthea | ||||||||||
Notes: |
|
Third declension of τὸ ἦθος; τοῦ ἤθεος (Ionic)
Case / # | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nominative | τὸ ἦθος tò êthos | τὼ ἤθει / ἤθεε tṑ ḗthei / ḗthee | τᾰ̀ ἤθεᾰ tà ḗthea | ||||||||||
Genitive | τοῦ ἤθεος / ἤθευς toû ḗtheos / ḗtheus | τοῖν ἠθέοιν toîn ēthéoin | τῶν ἠθέων tôn ēthéōn | ||||||||||
Dative | τῷ ἤθει / ἤθεῐ̈ tôi ḗthei / ḗtheï | τοῖν ἠθέοιν toîn ēthéoin | τοῖσῐ / τοῖσῐν ἤθεσῐ / ἤθεσῐν toîsi(n) ḗthesi(n) | ||||||||||
Accusative | τὸ ἦθος tò êthos | τὼ ἤθει / ἤθεε tṑ ḗthei / ḗthee | τᾰ̀ ἤθεᾰ tà ḗthea | ||||||||||
Vocative | ἦθος êthos | ἤθει / ἤθεε ḗthei / ḗthee | ἤθεᾰ ḗthea | ||||||||||
Notes: |
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Derived terms
- ἀήθης (aḗthēs)
- εὐήθης (euḗthēs)
- ἠθαλέος (ēthaléos)
- ἠθάς (ēthás)
- ἠθεῖος (ētheîos)
- ἠθικός (ēthikós)
- ἠθόγραφος (ēthógraphos)
- ἠθολόγος (ēthológos)
- ἠθοποιός (ēthopoiós)
- κακοήθης (kakoḗthēs)
- καλοήθης (kaloḗthēs)
- ὁμοήθης (homoḗthēs)
- πολυήθης (poluḗthēs)
- συνήθης (sunḗthēs)
- χειροήθης (kheiroḗthēs)
- χοροήθης (khoroḗthēs)
- χρηστοήθης (khrēstoḗthēs)
Descendants
- → English: ethos
Further reading
- “ἦθος”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “ἦθος”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- “ἦθος”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
- ἦθος in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- ἦθος in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
- “ἦθος”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
- G2239 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
- Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
- behaviour idem, page 71.
- caprice idem, page 112.
- character idem, page 125.
- conduct idem, page 157.
- demeanour idem, page 209.
- disposition idem, page 237.
- habit idem, page 380.
- humour idem, page 410.
- idiosyncrasy idem, page 413.
- mood idem, page 540.
- nature idem, page 552.
- part idem, page 593.
- temper idem, page 859.
- temperament idem, page 860.
- whim idem, page 976.