ἤδη
See also: ήδη
Ancient Greek
Etymology
From ἦ (ê, “truly”) + δή (dḗ, “now”).
Pronunciation
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /ɛ̌ː.dɛː/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ˈe̝.de̝/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ˈi.ði/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /ˈi.ði/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ˈi.ði/
Adverb
ἤδη • (ḗdē)
- (of the immediate past) by this time, before this, already
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 7.282
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 7.293
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 2.89
- 409 BCE, Sophocles, Philoctetes 312
- 409 BCE, Sophocles, Philoctetes 354
- 497 BCE – 405 BCE, Sophocles, Electra 726
- 497 BCE – 405 BCE, Sophocles, Ajax 1402
- 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 7.33
- 428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Protagoras 309D
- (of a local relation)
- 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 3.5
- 428 BCE, Euripides, Hippolytus 1200
- 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 3.95
- (of the immediate future) forthwith, straightway
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 3.98
- 380 BCE, Plato, Gorgias 486E
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 24.635
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 16.844
- 497 BCE – 405 BCE, Sophocles, Women of Trachis 624
- 409 BCE, Sophocles, Philoctetes 466
- 411 BCE, Aristophanes, Thesmophoriazusae 655
- (in opposition to future or past) now, presently
- 406 BCE, Sophocles, Oedipus at Colonus 614
- 423 BCE, Euripides, The Suppliants 551
- 405 BCE, Aristophanes, The Frogs 527
- 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Demosthenes, Against Aristocrates 134
- 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Anabasis 7.7.24
- (of logical proximity)
- 366 BCE – 348 BCE, Plato, Theaetetus 201E
- 366 BCE – 348 BCE, Plato, Theaetetus 202B
- 380 BCE, Plato, The Republic 398C
- (with a comparative or superlative)
- 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 8.106
- 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 6.31
- 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 2.148
- (joined with other temporal words)
- 458 BCE, Aeschylus, Agamemnon 1578
- 442 BCE, Sophocles, Antigone 801
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 1.260
- 458 BCE, Aeschylus, The Eumenides 50
- 497 BCE – 405 BCE, Sophocles, Ajax 1142
- 423 BCE, Aristophanes, The Clouds 346
- 446 BCE – 411 BCE, Eupolis, Πολ. 9
- 380 BCE, Plato, The Republic 493D
- 406 BCE, Sophocles, Oedipus at Colonus 510
- 380 BCE, Plato, The Republic 417B
- 525 BCE – 455 BCE, Aeschylus, Prometheus Bound 911
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 4.260
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 22.52
- 406 BCE, Sophocles, Oedipus at Colonus 440
- 409 BCE, Sophocles, Philoctetes 454
- 380 BCE, Plato, The Republic 507A
- 343 BCE, Demosthenes, On the False Embassy 52
Descendants
- Greek: ήδη (ídi, “already”)
References
- “ἤδη”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “ἤδη”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- “ἤδη”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
- ἤδη in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- ἤδη in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
- “ἤδη”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
- G2235 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
- Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
- already idem, page 25.
- before idem, page 69.
- ere idem, page 281.
- now idem, page 562.
- this idem, page 867.