ἠώς
See also: Ἠώς
Ancient Greek
Alternative forms
- ἕως (héōs) – Attic
- αὔως (aúōs), ᾱ̓́ϝως (ā́wōs) – Aeolic
- ᾱ̓ώς (āṓs) – Doric
- ᾱ̓́ας (ā́as) – Boeotian
- ᾱ̓ϝώρ (āwṓr), αβήρ (abḗr) – Laconian
Etymology
From Proto-Hellenic *auhṓs, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂éwsōs (“dawn”), which was also personified as a goddess of dawn in Proto-Indo-European religion, corresponding to Ancient Greek goddess Ἠώς (Ēṓs). Cognates include Latin Aurora/aurora, Sanskrit उषस् (uṣás, “dawn; Ushas”) and possibly Old English Ēostre and Old Armenian այգ (ayg), առաւաւտ (aṙawawt).[1]
Pronunciation
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /ɛː.ɔ̌ːs/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /e̝ˈos/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /iˈos/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /iˈos/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /iˈos/
- Hyphenation: ἠ‧ώς
Noun
ἠώς • (ēṓs) f (genitive ἠοῦς); third declension (Epic, Ionic)
- The morning red, daybreak, dawn
- Dawn as a length of time: morning
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 8.66:
- Ὄφρα μὲν ἠὼς ἦν καὶ ἀέξετο ῑ̔ερὸν ἦμαρ,
- Óphra mèn ēṑs ên kaì aéxeto hīeròn êmar,
- While the dawn lasted and the holy day grew,
- Ὄφρα μὲν ἠὼς ἦν καὶ ἀέξετο ῑ̔ερὸν ἦμαρ,
- (accusative, ἠῶ (ēô)) through the morning
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 2.434:
- παννυχίη μέν ῥ’ ἥ γε καὶ ἠῶ πεῖρε κέλευθον.
- pannukhíē mén rh’ hḗ ge kaì ēô peîre kéleuthon.
- All night and through the morning [the ship] clove her way.
- παννυχίη μέν ῥ’ ἥ γε καὶ ἠῶ πεῖρε κέλευθον.
- A morning as a unit of time: day
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 1.493:
- ἀλλ’ ὅτε δή ῥ’ ἐκ τοῖο δυωδεκάτη γένετ’ ἠώς,
- all’ hóte dḗ rh’ ek toîo duōdekátē génet’ ēṓs,
- But when the twelfth dawn since then had come,
- ἀλλ’ ὅτε δή ῥ’ ἐκ τοῖο δυωδεκάτη γένετ’ ἠώς,
- The direction of dawn, the East
Usage notes
Epic locative is ἠῶθι (ēôthi).
Inflection
Irregular declension of ἠώς; ἠοῦς ((Epic, Ionic), Epic)
Case / # | Singular | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nominative | ἠώς ēṓs | ||||||||||||
Genitive | ἠοῦς ēoûs | ||||||||||||
Dative | ἠοῖ ēoî | ||||||||||||
Accusative | ἠῶ / ἠοῦν ēô / ēoûn | ||||||||||||
Vocative | ἠώς ēṓs | ||||||||||||
Notes: |
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Derived terms
- ἑωσφόρος (heōsphóros)
- ἠῶθεν (ēôthen)
- ὑπηοῖος (hupēoîos)
References
- Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “ἕως”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume I, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 492
Further reading
- “ἠώς”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “ἠώς”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- “ἠώς”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
- ἠώς in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963