ἕως

See also: έως and Ἕως

Ancient Greek

Pronunciation

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /hé.ɔːs/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈ(h)e.os/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈe.os/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈe.os/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈe.os/

Hyphenation: ἕ‧ως

Noun

ἕως • (héōs) f (genitive ἕω); second declension

Attic form of ἠώς (ēṓs)
- 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Anabasis 1.7.1:
  ἐδόκει γὰρ εἰς τὴν ἐπιοῦσαν ἕω ἥξειν βασιλέα σὺν τῷ στρατεύματι μαχούμενον
  edókei gàr eis tḕn epioûsan héō hḗxein basiléa sùn tôi strateúmati makhoúmenon
  For he thought that the king would come with his army the next morning to fight.

Declension

Attic second declension of ἡ ἕως; τῆς ἕω (Attic)

Case / #	Singular
Nominative	ἡ ἕως hē héōs
Genitive	τῆς ἕω tês héō
Dative	τῇ ἕῳ têi héōi
Accusative	τὴν ἕω tḕn héō
Vocative	ἕως héōs
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Etymology 2

From Proto-Indo-European *yeh₂wot. Cognates include Sanskrit यावत् (yāvat).

Alternative forms

εἵως (heíōs), εἷος (heîos), ἧος (hêos) – Epic
ἇως (hâōs) – Doric

Conjunction

ἕως • (héōs)

(relative particle, used to express the point of time up to which an action goes)
1. until, till
  1. (as a temporal conjunction)
    1. (with indicative) of a fact in past time
      - Homer, Iliad 11.342, (compare Odyssey 5.123)
      - Sophocles, Fragments 225, (compare Aeschylus, The Persians 428.464)
      - Plato, Gorgias 506B, (compare Cratylus 396C)
    2. (with subjunctive, relating to an uncertain event in the future)
      - Homer, Iliad 3.291, (compare 24.183)
      - Aeschylus, Prometheus Bound 810
      - Sophocles, Ajax 555
      - Sophocles, Women of Trachis 147
      - Sophocles, Philoctetes 764
    3. (with optative, relating to an uncertain event in the past)
      - Homer, Odyssey 5.386, (compare 9.376)
      - Aristophanes, The Frogs 766
      - Plato, Phaedo 59D
      - Homer, Odyssey 2.78
      - Plato, Phaedo 101D, (compare Sophocles, Women of Trachis 687)
      - Homer, Odyssey 5.386
      - Homer, Odyssey 4.800
      - Homer, Odyssey 19.367
    4. (with infinitive, only in late authors)
      - Dionysius of Halicarnassus, Antiquitates Romanae
  2. (with single words, mostly of adverbs of time)
    - Xenophon, Cyropaedia 5.1.25
    - Herodotus, Histories 2.143
    - The Gospel of Matthew 1:24
    - Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 3.108
    - New Testament, First Epistle of John 2:9
    - The Gospel of Luke 23:5
    1. (with a preposition)
      - Palatine Anthology 5.201
      - Polybius, The Histories 1.11.14
2. (mostly at the beginning of a verse in Homer) while, as long as
  - Homer, Odyssey 13.315, (compare 17.358)
  - Aeschylus, The Libation Bearers 1026
  - Aeschylus, The Persians 710
  - Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 8.40
  - Homer, Odyssey 4.90
  - Homer, Odyssey 12.328
  - Homer, Iliad 18.15
  - Homer, Iliad 10.507
  - Homer, Iliad 20.41
  - Homer, Iliad 1.193
  - Homer, Odyssey 4.120
  1. (in Attic, with subjunctive)
    - Aeschylus, Agamemnon 1435
    - Plato, Phaedo 85B
  2. (with optative, in case of repeated action)
    - Plato, Theaetetus 155A

Adverb

ἕως • (héōs) (Epic)

for a time, like τέως (téōs)
- Homer, Iliad 12.142
- Homer, Iliad 13.143
- Homer, Iliad 15.277
- Homer, Odyssey 2.148
- Homer, Odyssey 3.126

type	interrogative	indefinite	(medial) demonstrative	proximal demonstrative	distal demonstrative	relative	indefinite relative	identity	other
basic	τίς	τις, ἔνιοι	†ὁ, οὗτος	ὅδε	ἐκεῖνος	ὅς	ὅστις	ὁ αὐτός (αὑτός), ὁμός	ἕτερος, ἄλλος
dual	πότερος	πότερος, ποτερός				ὁπότερος
quality	ποῖος	ποιός	†τοῖος, τοιοῦτος	τοιόσδε		οἷος	ὁποῖος	ὅμοιος	ἑτεροῖος, ἀλλοῖος
quantity	πόσος	ποσός	†τόσος, τοσοῦτος	τοσόσδε		ὅσος	ὁπόσος
manner	πῶς	πως	†τώς, †ὥς, οὕτως	ὧδε		ὡς	ὅπως	ὁμῶς	ἑτέρως, ἄλλως
method, path, place	πῇ	πῃ	τῇ, ταύτῃ	τῇδε	ἐκείνῃ	ᾗ	ὅπῃ		ἄλλῃ
place	ποῦ, †πόθι	που, †ποθι	ἐνταῦθα		ἐκεῖ, ἔνθα, †ἐκεῖθι	οὗ, ἔνθα, †ὅθι	ὅπου, †ὁπόθι	αὐτόθι, ὁμοῦ	ἄλλοθι
source	πόθεν	ποθεν	†τόθεν, ἔνθεν, ἐντεῦθεν	ἐνθένδε	ἐκεῖθεν	ὅθεν	ὁπόθεν	†ὁμόθεν	ἄλλοθεν
destination	ποῖ, †πόσε	ποι	ἔνθα, ἐνταῦθα	ἐνθάδε	ἐκεῖσε	οἷ	ὅποι, †ὁπόσε	αὐτόσε, ὁμόσε	ἄλλοσε
time	πότε, πῆμος	ποτέ, ποτε, τοτέ, ἐνίοτε	τότε, τῆμος	τημόσδε		ὅτε, ἦμος	ὁπότε, †ὁππῆμος	ἅμα	ἄλλοτε
exact time	πηνίκα		†τηνίκα, τηνικαῦτα	τηνικάδε		ἡνίκα	ὁπηνίκα	αὐτίκα
duration of time			τέως			ἕως
size, age	πηλίκος	πηλίκος	†τηλίκος, τηλικοῦτος	τηλικόσδε		ἡλίκος	ὁπηλίκος	ὁμῆλιξ
repetition	ποσάκις, ποσίνδα	ποσάκις	τουτάκις, τοσάκις			†ὁσάκις ὁποσάκις	ὁποσάκις
multiplication	ποσαπλάσιος					ὁσαπλάσιος, ὁσαπλασίων
order	πόστος	ποστός					ὁπόστος
† Forms rarely or never used in Classical Attic prose Relative also used in exclamations; either relative or indefinite relative used in indirect questions.

References

“ἕως”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
“ἕως”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
“ἕως”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
ἕως in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
ἕως in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
G2193 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
- aurora idem, page 53.
- dawn idem, page 197.
- east idem, page 259.
- long idem, page 498.
- morning idem, page 541.
- till idem, page 874.
- while idem, page 976.
Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN