ἕσπερος
See also: Ἕσπερος
Ancient Greek
Etymology
PIE word |
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*wek(ʷ)speros |
From Proto-Hellenic *wésperos, from Proto-Indo-European *wek(ʷ)speros. Cognates include Latin vesper, Old Armenian գիշեր (gišer) and Old Church Slavonic вєчєръ (večerŭ).
Pronunciation
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /hés.pe.ros/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ˈ(h)es.pe.ros/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ˈes.pe.ros/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /ˈes.pe.ros/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ˈes.pe.ros/
- Hyphenation: ἕσ‧πε‧ρος
Adjective
ἕσπερος • (hésperos) m or f (neuter ἕσπερον); second declension
- of or at evening
- western
Inflection
Second declension of ἕσπερος; ἕσπερον (Attic)
Number | Singular | Dual | Plural | |||||||||||
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Case/Gender | Masculine / Feminine | Neuter | Masculine / Feminine | Neuter | Masculine / Feminine | Neuter | ||||||||
Nominative | ἕσπερος hésperos | ἕσπερον hésperon | ἑσπέρω hespérō | ἑσπέρω hespérō | ἕσπεροι hésperoi | ἕσπερᾰ héspera | ||||||||
Genitive | ἑσπέρου hespérou | ἑσπέρου hespérou | ἑσπέροιν hespéroin | ἑσπέροιν hespéroin | ἑσπέρων hespérōn | ἑσπέρων hespérōn | ||||||||
Dative | ἑσπέρῳ hespérōi | ἑσπέρῳ hespérōi | ἑσπέροιν hespéroin | ἑσπέροιν hespéroin | ἑσπέροις hespérois | ἑσπέροις hespérois | ||||||||
Accusative | ἕσπερον hésperon | ἕσπερον hésperon | ἑσπέρω hespérō | ἑσπέρω hespérō | ἑσπέρους hespérous | ἕσπερᾰ héspera | ||||||||
Vocative | ἕσπερε héspere | ἕσπερον hésperon | ἑσπέρω hespérō | ἑσπέρω hespérō | ἕσπεροι hésperoi | ἕσπερᾰ héspera | ||||||||
Derived forms | Adverb | Comparative | Superlative | |||||||||||
ἑσπέρως hespérōs | ἑσπερώτερος hesperṓteros | ἑσπερώτᾰτος hesperṓtatos | ||||||||||||
Notes: |
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Derived terms
- ἑσπέρα (hespéra)
- ἑσπέριος (hespérios)
- ἕσπερος θέος (hésperos théos)
Descendants
- → Albanian: dhespër (or from Latin vesper)
Noun
ἕσπερος • (hésperos) m (genitive ἑσπέρου); second declension
- evening
- the evening star, Venus (shortened form of ἕσπερος ἀστήρ (hésperos astḗr))
Inflection
Second declension of ὁ ἕσπερος; τοῦ ἑσπέρου (Attic)
Case / # | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||
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Nominative | ὁ ἕσπερος ho hésperos | τὼ ἑσπέρω tṑ hespérō | οἱ ἕσπεροι hoi hésperoi | ||||||||||
Genitive | τοῦ ἑσπέρου toû hespérou | τοῖν ἑσπέροιν toîn hespéroin | τῶν ἑσπέρων tôn hespérōn | ||||||||||
Dative | τῷ ἑσπέρῳ tôi hespérōi | τοῖν ἑσπέροιν toîn hespéroin | τοῖς ἑσπέροις toîs hespérois | ||||||||||
Accusative | τὸν ἕσπερον tòn hésperon | τὼ ἑσπέρω tṑ hespérō | τοὺς ἑσπέρους toùs hespérous | ||||||||||
Vocative | ἕσπερε héspere | ἑσπέρω hespérō | ἕσπεροι hésperoi | ||||||||||
Notes: |
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Further reading
- “ἕσπερος”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “ἕσπερος”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- “ἕσπερος”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
- ἕσπερος in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- ἕσπερος in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
- “ἕσπερος”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
- Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
- evening idem, page 285.
- hesperus idem, page 398.
- western idem, page 974.