ἔφαγον
Ancient Greek
Etymology
According to Beekes, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰh₂g-, zero-grade of *bʰeh₂g- (“to divide, distribute”) with a semantic shift “*I received a share” → “*I consumed” → “I ate”. Compare also βαγαῖος (bagaîos).
Pronunciation
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /é.pʰa.ɡon/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ˈe.pʰa.ɡon/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ˈe.ɸa.ɣon/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /ˈe.fa.ɣon/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ˈe.fa.ɣon/
Verb
ἔφᾰγον • (éphagon)
- eat, devour
- eat up, devour, squander
Inflection
No present tense, except for φᾰγεῖ (phageî) and φᾰγέοις (phagéois) in later Greek. Generally suppleted with ἐσθῐ́ω (esthíō) and ἔδω (édō). Also see τρώγω (trṓgō).
Aorist: ἔφᾰγον, ἐφᾰγόμην
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | ἔφᾰγον | ἔφᾰγες | ἔφᾰγε(ν) | ἐφᾰ́γετον | ἐφᾰγέτην | ἐφᾰ́γομεν | ἐφᾰ́γετε | ἔφᾰγον | ||||
| subjunctive | φᾰ́γω | φᾰ́γῃς | φᾰ́γῃ | φᾰ́γητον | φᾰ́γητον | φᾰ́γωμεν | φᾰ́γητε | φᾰ́γωσῐ(ν) | |||||
| optative | φᾰ́γοιμῐ | φᾰ́γοις | φᾰ́γοι | φᾰ́γοιτον | φᾰγοίτην | φᾰ́γοιμεν | φᾰ́γοιτε | φᾰ́γοιεν | |||||
| imperative | φᾰ́γε | φᾰγέτω | φᾰ́γετον | φᾰγέτων | φᾰ́γετε | φᾰγόντων | |||||||
| middle | indicative | ἐφᾰγόμην | ἐφᾰ́γου | ἐφᾰ́γετο | ἐφᾰ́γεσθον | ἐφᾰγέσθην | ἐφᾰγόμεθᾰ | ἐφᾰ́γεσθε | ἐφᾰ́γοντο | ||||
| subjunctive | φᾰ́γωμαι | φᾰ́γῃ | φᾰ́γηται | φᾰ́γησθον | φᾰ́γησθον | φᾰγώμεθᾰ | φᾰ́γησθε | φᾰ́γωνται | |||||
| optative | φᾰγοίμην | φᾰ́γοιο | φᾰ́γοιτο | φᾰ́γοισθον | φᾰγοίσθην | φᾰγοίμεθᾰ | φᾰ́γοισθε | φᾰ́γοιντο | |||||
| imperative | φᾰγοῦ | φᾰγέσθω | φᾰ́γεσθον | φᾰγέσθων | φᾰ́γεσθε | φᾰγέσθων | |||||||
| active | middle | ||||||||||||
| infinitive | φᾰγεῖν | φᾰγέσθαι | |||||||||||
| participle | m | φᾰγών | φᾰγόμενος | ||||||||||
| f | φᾰγοῦσᾰ | φᾰγομένη | |||||||||||
| n | φᾰγόν | φᾰγόμενον | |||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. | ||||||||||||
Aorist: φᾰ́γον, φᾰγόμην (Epic)
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | φᾰ́γον | φᾰ́γες | φᾰ́γε(ν) | φᾰ́γετον | φᾰγέτην | φᾰ́γομεν | φᾰ́γετε | φᾰ́γον | ||||
| subjunctive | φᾰ́γω, φᾰ́γωμῐ | φᾰ́γῃς, φᾰ́γῃσθᾰ | φᾰ́γῃ, φᾰ́γῃσῐ | φᾰ́γητον | φᾰ́γητον | φᾰ́γωμεν | φᾰ́γητε | φᾰ́γωσῐ(ν) | |||||
| optative | φᾰ́γοιμῐ | φᾰ́γοις/φᾰ́γοισθᾰ | φᾰ́γοι | φᾰγεῖτον | φᾰγείτην | φᾰγεῖμεν | φᾰγεῖτε | φᾰγεῖεν | |||||
| imperative | φᾰ́γε | φᾰγέτω | φᾰ́γετον | φᾰγέτων | φᾰ́γετε | φᾰγόντων | |||||||
| middle | indicative | φᾰγόμην | φᾰ́γεο | φᾰ́γετο | φᾰ́γεσθον | φᾰγέσθην | φᾰγόμε(σ)θᾰ | φᾰ́γεσθε | φᾰ́γοντο | ||||
| subjunctive | φᾰ́γωμαι, φᾰγώμαιμῐ | φᾰ́γηαι, φᾰ́γηαι | φᾰ́γηται, φᾰγήταισῐ | φᾰ́γησθον | φᾰ́γησθον | φᾰγώμε(σ)θᾰ | φᾰ́γησθε | φᾰ́γωνται | |||||
| optative | φᾰγοίμην | φᾰ́γοιο | φᾰ́γοιτο | φᾰ́γοισθον | φᾰγοίσθην | φᾰγοίμε(σ)θᾰ | φᾰ́γοισθε | φᾰγοίᾰτο | |||||
| imperative | φᾰ́γεο | φᾰγέσθω | φᾰ́γεσθον | φᾰγέσθων | φᾰ́γεσθε | φᾰγέσθων | |||||||
| active | middle | ||||||||||||
| infinitive | φᾰγεῖν/φᾰγέμεν(αι) | φᾰγέσθαι | |||||||||||
| participle | m | φᾰγών | φᾰγόμενος | ||||||||||
| f | φᾰγοῦσᾰ | φᾰγομένη | |||||||||||
| n | φᾰγόν | φᾰγόμενον | |||||||||||
| Notes: | Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. | ||||||||||||
Future: φᾰ́γομαι
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| middle | indicative | φᾰ́γομαι | φᾰ́γῃ, φᾰ́γει | φᾰ́γεται | φᾰ́γεσθον | φᾰ́γεσθον | φᾰγόμεθᾰ | φᾰ́γεσθε | φᾰ́γονται | ||||
| optative | φᾰγοίμην | φᾰ́γοιο | φᾰ́γοιτο | φᾰ́γοισθον | φᾰγοίσθην | φᾰγοίμεθᾰ | φᾰ́γοισθε | φᾰ́γοιντο | |||||
| middle | |||||||||||||
| infinitive | φᾰ́γεσθαι | ||||||||||||
| participle | m | φᾰγόμενος | |||||||||||
| f | φᾰγομένη | ||||||||||||
| n | φᾰγόμενον | ||||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. | ||||||||||||
Derived terms
- φᾰ́γαινᾰ (phágaina)
- φᾰγᾰ́νθρωπος (phagánthrōpos)
- φᾰγᾶς (phagâs)
- φᾰγέδαινᾰ (phagédaina)
- φᾰγεσωρῖτῐς (phagesōrîtis)
- φᾰγέσωρος (phagésōros)
- φᾰ́γημᾰ (phágēma)
- φᾰγήσῐᾰ (phagḗsia)
- φᾰ́γῐλος (phágilos)
- φᾰγολοίδορος (phagoloídoros)
- φᾰ́γος (phágos)
- -φᾰ́γος, -φᾰγος (-phágos, -phagos)
- φᾰ́γων (phágōn)
Descendants
- → English: phago-
- Greek: έφαγα (éfaga) (perfective forms of τρώω (tróo))
References
- “ἔφαγον”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “ἔφαγον”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
- ἔφαγον in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
- ἔφαγον in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
- G5315 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
- Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume II, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1543