ἔραμαι
Ancient Greek
Etymology
Uhlenbeck and others consider it cognate with Sanskrit रमते (rámate, “to calm down; to enjoy; to have sex with”), Lithuanian rimti (“calm down”), Gothic 𐍂𐌹𐌼𐌹𐍃 (rimis, “tranquility”), confer Proto-Indo-European *h₁rem-. (Beekes) suggests a Pre-Greek origin.
Pronunciation
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /é.ra.mai̯/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ˈe.ra.mɛ/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ˈe.ra.mɛ/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /ˈe.ra.me/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ˈe.ra.me/
Verb
ἔρᾰμαι • (éramai)
- (with genitive)
- I love (usually of romantic/sexual love, usually of a man)
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 3.446
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 16.182
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 20.223
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 11.238
- 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 1.8
- 431 BCE, Euripides, Medea 491
- 431 BCE, Euripides, Medea 697
- (of things) I passionately desire, lust after
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 9.64
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 16.208
- 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 1.96
- 522 BCE – 443 BCE, Pindar, Pythian Ode 3.20
- 522 BCE – 443 BCE, Pindar, Pythian Ode 11.50
- 458 BCE, Aeschylus, The Eumenides 852
- 438 BCE, Euripides, Alcestis 866
- 1 CE – 100 CE, Aretaeus, De Curatione Acutorum Morborum 2.5
- I love (usually of romantic/sexual love, usually of a man)
- (with infinitive) I desire eagerly
- 6th century BC, Theognis of Megara, Elegies 1155
- 522 BCE – 443 BCE, Pindar, Paean 6.58
- 522 BCE – 443 BCE, Pindar, Pythian Ode 4.92
- 446 BCE – 386 BCE, Aristophanes, Fragments 51
- 431 BCE, Euripides, Medea 700
- 406 BCE, Sophocles, Oedipus at Colonus 511
Inflection
Present: ἔρᾰμαι
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
middle/ passive | indicative | ἔρᾰμαι | ἔρᾰσαι | ἔρᾰται | ἔρᾰσθον | ἔρᾰσθον | ἐρᾰ́μεθᾰ | ἔρᾰσθε | ἔρᾰνται | ||||
subjunctive | ἐρῶμαι | ἐρῇ | ἐρῆται | ἐρῆσθον | ἐρῆσθον | ἐρώμεθᾰ | ἐρῆσθε | ἐρῶνται | |||||
optative | ἐραίμην | ἔραιο | ἔραιτο | ἔραισθον | ἐραίσθην | ἐραίμεθᾰ | ἔραισθε | ἔραιντο | |||||
imperative | ἔρᾰσο | ἐρᾰ́σθω | ἔρᾰσθον | ἐρᾰ́σθων | ἔρᾰσθε | ἐρᾰ́σθων | |||||||
middle/passive | |||||||||||||
infinitive | ἔρᾰσθαι | ||||||||||||
participle | m | ἐρᾰ́μενος | |||||||||||
f | ἐρᾰμένη | ||||||||||||
n | ἐρᾰ́μενον | ||||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. |
Imperfect: ἠρᾰ́μην
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
middle/ passive | indicative | ἠρᾰ́μην | ἤρᾰσο | ἤρᾰτο | ἤρᾰσθον | ἠρᾰ́σθην | ἠρᾰ́μεθᾰ | ἤρᾰσθε | ἤρᾰντο | ||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. |
Future: ἐρασθήσομαι
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
passive | indicative | ἐρασθήσομαι | ἐρασθήσῃ | ἐρασθήσεται | ἐρασθήσεσθον | ἐρασθήσεσθον | ἐρασθησόμεθᾰ | ἐρασθήσεσθε | ἐρασθήσονται | ||||
optative | ἐρασθησοίμην | ἐρασθήσοιο | ἐρασθήσοιτο | ἐρασθήσοισθον | ἐρασθησοίσθην | ἐρασθησοίμεθᾰ | ἐρασθήσοισθε | ἐρασθήσοιντο | |||||
passive | |||||||||||||
infinitive | ἐρασθήσεσθαι | ||||||||||||
participle | m | ἐρασθησόμενος | |||||||||||
f | ἐρασθησομένη | ||||||||||||
n | ἐρασθησόμενον | ||||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. |
Aorist: ἠράσθην
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
passive | indicative | ἠράσθην | ἠράσθης | ἠράσθη | ἠράσθητον | ἠρασθήτην | ἠράσθημεν | ἠράσθητε | ἠράσθησᾰν | ||||
subjunctive | ἐρασθῶ | ἐρασθῇς | ἐρασθῇ | ἐρασθῆτον | ἐρασθῆτον | ἐρασθῶμεν | ἐρασθῆτε | ἐρασθῶσῐ(ν) | |||||
optative | ἐρασθείην | ἐρασθείης | ἐρασθείη | ἐρασθεῖτον, ἐρασθείητον | ἐρασθείτην, ἐρασθειήτην | ἐρασθεῖμεν, ἐρασθείημεν | ἐρασθεῖτε, ἐρασθείητε | ἐρασθεῖεν, ἐρασθείησᾰν | |||||
imperative | ἐράσθητῐ | ἐρασθήτω | ἐράσθητον | ἐρασθήτων | ἐράσθητε | ἐρασθέντων | |||||||
passive | |||||||||||||
infinitive | ἐρασθῆναι | ||||||||||||
participle | m | ἐρασθείς | |||||||||||
f | ἐρασθεῖσᾰ | ||||||||||||
n | ἐρασθέν | ||||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. |
Aorist: ἠρασᾰ́μην (Poetic)
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
middle | indicative | ἠρασᾰ́μην | ἠράσω | ἠράσᾰτο | ἠράσᾰσθον | ἠρασᾰ́σθην | ἠρασᾰ́μεθᾰ | ἠράσᾰσθε | ἠράσᾰντο | ||||
subjunctive | ἐράσωμαι | ἐράσηαι | ἐράσηται | ἐράσησθον | ἐράσησθον | ἐρασώμεθᾰ | ἐράσησθε | ἐράσωνται | |||||
optative | ἐρασαίμην | ἐράσαιο | ἐράσαιτο | ἐράσαισθον | ἐρασαίσθην | ἐρασαίμεθᾰ | ἐράσαισθε | ἐράσαιντο | |||||
imperative | ? | ἐρασᾰ́σθω | ἐράσᾰσθον | ἐρασᾰ́σθων | ἐράσᾰσθε | ἐρασᾰ́σθων | |||||||
middle | |||||||||||||
infinitive | ἐράσᾰσθαι | ||||||||||||
participle | m | ἐρασᾰ́μενος | |||||||||||
f | ἐρασᾰμένη | ||||||||||||
n | ἐρασᾰ́μενον | ||||||||||||
Notes: | Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. |
Perfect: ἤρασμαι
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
middle/ passive | indicative | ἤρασμαι | ἤρασαι | ἤρασται | ἤρασθον | ἤρασθον | ἠράσμεθᾰ | ἤρασθε | ἠράσᾰται | ||||
subjunctive | ἠρασμένος ὦ | ἠρασμένος ᾖς | ἠρασμένος ᾖ | ἠρασμένω ἦτον | ἠρασμένω ἦτον | ἠρασμένοι ὦμεν | ἠρασμένοι ἦτε | ἠρασμένοι ὦσῐ(ν) | |||||
optative | ἠρασμένος εἴην | ἠρασμένος εἴης | ἠρασμένος εἴη | ἠρασμένω εἴητον/εἶτον | ἠρασμένω εἰήτην/εἴτην | ἠρασμένοι εἴημεν/εἶμεν | ἠρασμένοι εἴητε/εἶτε | ἠρασμένοι εἴησᾰν/εἶεν | |||||
imperative | ἤρασο | ἠράσθω | ἤρασθον | ἠράσθων | ἤρασθε | ἠράσθων | |||||||
middle/passive | |||||||||||||
infinitive | ἠρᾶσθαι | ||||||||||||
participle | m | ἠρασμένος | |||||||||||
f | ἠρασμένη | ||||||||||||
n | ἠρασμένον | ||||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. |
Derived terms
- ἀνέραμαι (anéramai)
- ἀντέραμαι (antéramai)
- διέραμαι (diéramai)
- ὑπερέραμαι (huperéramai)
Related terms
- ἀνέραστος (anérastos)
- ἔρασις (érasis)
- ἐράσμιος (erásmios)
- ἐραστεύω (erasteúō)
- ἐραστής (erastḗs)
- ἐραστικός (erastikós)
- ἐραστός (erastós)
- ἐράστρια (erástria)
- ἐρατός (eratós)
- Ἐρατώ (Eratṓ)
- ἐράω (eráō)
- ἔρως (érōs)
References
- “ἔραμαι”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “ἔραμαι”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- “ἔραμαι”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
- ἔραμαι in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- ἔραμαι in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
- “ἔραμαι”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
- Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
- Christianus Cornelius Uhlenbeck (1898) Kurzgefaßtes Etymologisches Wörterbuch der Altindischen Sprache, Amsterdam: Johannes Müller, S. 245