ἔθω
Ancient Greek
Etymology
PIE word |
---|
*swé |
From Proto-Indo-European *swe-dʰh₁-, from the reflexive pronoun *swé (“self”) + *dʰeh₁- (“to put, place, set”), equivalent to the acc. ἕ (hé) of οὗ (hoû, “him”) + τίθημι (títhēmi, “to set”): thus the original sense is to "set as one's own". Cognates include Latin suēscō, soleō, Sanskrit स्वधा (svadhā) and Gothic 𐍃𐌹𐌳𐌿𐍃 (sidus).
Pronunciation
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /é.tʰɔː/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ˈe.tʰo/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ˈe.θo/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /ˈe.θo/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ˈe.θo/
Verb
ἔθω • (éthō)
- (with infinitive) I am accustomed, I tend to
- 391 BCE, Aristophanes, Assemblywomen 282
- 405 BCE, Aristophanes, The Frogs 1
- 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 1.111
- 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 3.31
- 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 3.80
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 5.231
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 5.766
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 8.408
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 9.540
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 16.260
- 400 BCE – 387 BCE, Plato, Apology 27b
- 46 CE – 120 CE, Plutarch, Sulla 9
- 409 BCE, Sophocles, Philoctetes 939
- 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 1.99
- 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 2.51
- 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 4.17
- 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 4.55
- 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, Hist. 2.45.1:
- τὸν γὰρ οὐκ ὄντα ἅπας εἴωθεν ἐπαινεῖν
- tòn gàr ouk ónta hápas eíōthen epaineîn
- everybody tends to praise the deceased
- τὸν γὰρ οὐκ ὄντα ἅπας εἴωθεν ἐπαινεῖν
- 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, Hist. 3.1.2:
- καὶ προσβολαί, ὥσπερ εἰώθεσαν, ἐγίγνοντο τῶν Ἀθηναίων ἱππέων
- kaì prosbolaí, hṓsper eiṓthesan, egígnonto tôn Athēnaíōn hippéōn
- the Athenian cavalry as usual attacked them
- καὶ προσβολαί, ὥσπερ εἰώθεσαν, ἐγίγνοντο τῶν Ἀθηναίων ἱππέων
Usage notes
The present is used only as a participle.
Inflection
Present: ἔθω
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ἔθω | ἔθεις | ἔθει | ἔθετον | ἔθετον | ἔθομεν | ἔθετε | ἔθουσῐ(ν) | ||||
subjunctive | ἔθω | ἔθῃς | ἔθῃ | ἔθητον | ἔθητον | ἔθωμεν | ἔθητε | ἔθωσῐ(ν) | |||||
optative | ἔθοιμῐ | ἔθοις | ἔθοι | ἔθοιτον | ἐθοίτην | ἔθοιμεν | ἔθοιτε | ἔθοιεν | |||||
imperative | ἔθε | ἐθέτω | ἔθετον | ἐθέτων | ἔθετε | ἐθόντων | |||||||
active | |||||||||||||
infinitive | ἔθειν | ||||||||||||
participle | m | ἔθων | |||||||||||
f | ἔθουσᾰ | ||||||||||||
n | ἔθον | ||||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. |
Perfect: εἴωθᾰ (present sense)
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | εἴωθᾰ | εἴωθᾰς | εἴωθε(ν) | εἰώθᾰτον | εἰώθᾰτον | εἰώθᾰμεν | εἰώθᾰτε | εἰώθᾱσῐ(ν) | ||||
subjunctive | εἰώθω | εἰώθῃς | εἰώθῃ | εἰώθητον | εἰώθητον | εἰώθωμεν | εἰώθητε | εἰώθωσῐ(ν) | |||||
optative | εἰώθοιμῐ, εἰωθοίην | εἰώθοις, εἰωθοίης | εἰώθοι, εἰωθοίη | εἰώθοιτον | εἰωθοίτην | εἰώθοιμεν | εἰώθοιτε | εἰώθοιεν | |||||
imperative | εἴωθε | εἰωθέτω | εἰώθετον | εἰωθέτων | εἰώθετε | εἰωθόντων | |||||||
active | |||||||||||||
infinitive | εἰωθέναι | ||||||||||||
participle | m | εἰωθώς | |||||||||||
f | εἰωθυῖᾰ | ||||||||||||
n | εἰωθός | ||||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. |
Perfect: ἔωθᾰ (Epic, Ionic; present sense)
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ἔωθᾰ | ἔωθᾰς | ἔωθε(ν) | ἐώθᾰτον | ἐώθᾰτον | ἐώθᾰμεν | ἐώθᾰτε | ἐώθᾱσῐ(ν) | ||||
subjunctive | ἐώθω | ἐώθῃς | ἐώθῃ | ἐώθητον | ἐώθητον | ἐώθωμεν | ἐώθητε | ἐώθωσῐ(ν) | |||||
optative | ἐώθοιμῐ, ἐωθοίην | ἐώθοις, ἐωθοίης | ἐώθοι, ἐωθοίη | ἐώθοιτον | ἐωθοίτην | ἐώθοιμεν | ἐώθοιτε | ἐώθοιεν | |||||
imperative | ἔωθε | ἐωθέτω | ἐώθετον | ἐωθέτων | ἐώθετε | ἐωθόντων | |||||||
active | |||||||||||||
infinitive | ἐωθέναι | ||||||||||||
participle | m | ἐωθώς | |||||||||||
f | ἐωθυῖᾰ | ||||||||||||
n | ἐωθός | ||||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. |
Perfect: ἔθωκᾰ (Doric; present sense)
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ἔθωκᾰ | ἔθωκᾰς | ἔθωκε(ν) | ἐθώκᾰτον | ἐθώκᾰτον | ἐθώκᾰμεν | ἐθώκᾰτε | ἐθώκᾱσῐ(ν) | ||||
subjunctive | ἐθώκω | ἐθώκῃς | ἐθώκῃ | ἐθώκητον | ἐθώκητον | ἐθώκωμεν | ἐθώκητε | ἐθώκωσῐ(ν) | |||||
optative | ἐθώκοιμῐ, ἐθωκοίην | ἐθώκοις, ἐθωκοίης | ἐθώκοι, ἐθωκοίη | ἐθώκοιτον | ἐθωκοίτην | ἐθώκοιμεν | ἐθώκοιτε | ἐθώκοιεν | |||||
imperative | ἔθωκε | ἐθωκέτω | ἐθώκετον | ἐθωκέτων | ἐθώκετε | ἐθωκόντων | |||||||
active | |||||||||||||
infinitive | ἐθωκέναι | ||||||||||||
participle | m | ἐθωκώς | |||||||||||
f | ἐθωκυῖᾰ | ||||||||||||
n | ἐθωκός | ||||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. |
Pluperfect: εἰώθειν (imperfect sense)
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | εἰώθειν, εἰώθη | εἰώθεις, εἰώθης | εἰώθει(ν) | εἰώθετον | εἰωθέτην | εἰώθεμεν | εἰώθετε | εἰώθεσᾰν | ||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. |
Pluperfect: ἐώθειν (Ionic; imperfect sense)
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ἐώθειν, ἐώθη | ἐώθεις, ἐώθης | ἐώθει(ν) | ἐώθετον | ἐωθέτην | ἐώθεμεν | ἐώθετε | ἐώθεσᾰν | ||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. |
Derived terms
- ἐθήμων (ethḗmōn)
- ἐθίζω (ethízō)
- ἔθος (éthos)
- ἐθικός (ethikós)
- ἔθιμος (éthimos)
- ἔθνος (éthnos)
- ἦθος (êthos)
References
- “ἔθω”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “ἔθω”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- “ἔθω”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
- ἔθω in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
- ἔθω in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
- ἔθω in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2023)
- G1486 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible