ἔθνος
See also: έθνος
Ancient Greek
Etymology
PIE word |
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*swé |
From Ancient Greek ἔθω (éthō, “I am accustomed, wont (to something)”), equivalent to Proto-Indo-European *swedʰ-no-, expanded from the reflexive pronoun Proto-Indo-European *swé (“self”).
Pronunciation
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /é.tʰnos/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ˈe.tʰnos/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ˈe.θnos/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /ˈe.θnos/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ˈe.θnos/
Noun
ἔθνος • (éthnos) n (genitive ἔθνεος or ἔθνους); third declension
- group of people: tribe, family
- group of animals: flock, herd
- country, nation
- (later, in the plural) foreign nations, barbarians
- (Jewish and Christian usage, in the plural) gentiles, heathen
- class, caste
Inflection
Third declension of τὸ ἔθνος; τοῦ ἔθνους (Attic)
Case / # | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||
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Nominative | τὸ ἔθνος tò éthnos | τὼ ἔθνει tṑ éthnei | τᾰ̀ ἔθνη tà éthnē | ||||||||||
Genitive | τοῦ ἔθνους toû éthnous | τοῖν ἐθνοῖν toîn ethnoîn | τῶν ἐθνῶν tôn ethnôn | ||||||||||
Dative | τῷ ἔθνει tôi éthnei | τοῖν ἐθνοῖν toîn ethnoîn | τοῖς ἔθνεσῐ / ἔθνεσῐν toîs éthnesi(n) | ||||||||||
Accusative | τὸ ἔθνος tò éthnos | τὼ ἔθνει tṑ éthnei | τᾰ̀ ἔθνη tà éthnē | ||||||||||
Vocative | ἔθνος éthnos | ἔθνει éthnei | ἔθνη éthnē | ||||||||||
Notes: |
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Third declension of τὸ ἔθνος; τοῦ ἔθνεος (Ionic)
Case / # | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||
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Nominative | τὸ ἔθνος tò éthnos | τὼ ἔθνει / ἔθνεε tṑ éthnei / éthnee | τᾰ̀ ἔθνεᾰ tà éthnea | ||||||||||
Genitive | τοῦ ἔθνεος / ἔθνευς toû éthneos / éthneus | τοῖν ἐθνέοιν toîn ethnéoin | τῶν ἐθνέων tôn ethnéōn | ||||||||||
Dative | τῷ ἔθνει / ἔθνεῐ̈ tôi éthnei / éthneï | τοῖν ἐθνέοιν toîn ethnéoin | τοῖσῐ / τοῖσῐν ἔθνεσῐ / ἔθνεσῐν toîsi(n) éthnesi(n) | ||||||||||
Accusative | τὸ ἔθνος tò éthnos | τὼ ἔθνει / ἔθνεε tṑ éthnei / éthnee | τᾰ̀ ἔθνεᾰ tà éthnea | ||||||||||
Vocative | ἔθνος éthnos | ἔθνει / ἔθνεε éthnei / éthnee | ἔθνεᾰ éthnea | ||||||||||
Notes: |
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Derived terms
- ἐθνάρχης (ethnárkhēs)
- ἐθναρχία (ethnarkhía)
- ἐθνηδόν (ethnēdón)
- ἐθνικός (ethnikós)
- ἐθνίτης (ethnítēs)
- ἐθνοφύλαξ (ethnophúlax)
Descendants
- → Coptic: ⲉⲑⲛⲟⲥ (ethnos)
- → English: ethnos
- Greek: έθνος (éthnos)
- → Russian: э́тнос (étnos)
from the spoken alternative form ἕθνος (héthnos):
- Aramaic:
- Classical Syriac: ܗܬܢܘܣ (haṯnōs)
- → Coptic: ϩⲉⲑⲛⲟⲥ (hethnos)
- → Old Armenian: հեթանոս (hetʿanos)
- Armenian: հեթանոս (hetʿanos)
Further reading
- “ἔθνος”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “ἔθνος”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- “ἔθνος”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
- ἔθνος in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
- ἔθνος in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
- ἔθνος in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2023)
- “ἔθνος”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
- G1484 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
- Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
- caste idem, page 117.
- class idem, page 135.
- folk idem, page 332.
- nation idem, page 551.
- order idem, page 578.
- people idem, page 604.
- race idem, page 667.
- tribe idem, page 894.
- Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume I, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 377–378