ἑσπέρα

ἑσπέρα

See also: εσπέρα

Ancient Greek

Etymology

PIE word
*wek(ʷ)speros

Ellipsis of ἑσπέρᾱ ὥρᾱ (hespérā hṓrā, “time of evening”), from ἕσπερος (hésperos, “of evening, western”).

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /hes.pé.raː/ → /esˈpe.ra/ → /esˈpe.ra/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /hes.pé.raː/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /(h)esˈpe.ra/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /esˈpe.ra/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /esˈpe.ra/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /esˈpe.ra/

Noun

ἑσπέρα • (hespéra) f (genitive ἑσπέρᾱς); first declension

1. evening
2. the west

Inflection

First declension of ἡ ἑσπέρᾱ; τῆς ἑσπέρᾱς (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ἡ ἑσπέρᾱ hē hespérā	τὼ ἑσπέρᾱ tṑ hespérā	αἱ ἑσπέραι hai hespérai
Genitive	τῆς ἑσπέρᾱς tês hespérās	τοῖν ἑσπέραιν toîn hespérain	τῶν ἑσπερῶν tôn hesperôn
Dative	τῇ ἑσπέρᾳ têi hespérāi	τοῖν ἑσπέραιν toîn hespérain	ταῖς ἑσπέραις taîs hespérais
Accusative	τὴν ἑσπέρᾱν tḕn hespérān	τὼ ἑσπέρᾱ tṑ hespérā	τᾱ̀ς ἑσπέρᾱς tā̀s hespérās
Vocative	ἑσπέρᾱ hespérā	ἑσπέρᾱ hespérā	ἑσπέραι hespérai
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Descendants

• Mariupol Greek: спе́ра (spjéra)
• Tsakonian: επφέρζι (epférzi)

References

• “ἑσπέρα”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “ἑσπέρα”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “ἑσπέρα”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
• G2073 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
• Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
  • evening idem, page 285.
  • west idem, page 974.
• Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press