ἐρύκω
Ancient Greek
Etymology
Possibly an extension of ἐρύω (erúō, “to draw, drag, pull”).
Pronunciation
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /e.ry̌ː.kɔː/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /eˈry.ko/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /eˈry.ko/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /eˈry.ko/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /eˈri.ko/
Verb
ἐρῡ́κω • (erū́kō)
- (chiefly poetic) to restrain, control, curb, keep in check
Conjugation
Present: ἐρῡ́κω, ἐρῡ́κομαι
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ἐρῡ́κω | ἐρῡ́κεις | ἐρῡ́κει | ἐρῡ́κετον | ἐρῡ́κετον | ἐρῡ́κομεν | ἐρῡ́κετε | ἐρῡ́κουσῐ(ν) | ||||
subjunctive | ἐρῡ́κω | ἐρῡ́κῃς | ἐρῡ́κῃ | ἐρῡ́κητον | ἐρῡ́κητον | ἐρῡ́κωμεν | ἐρῡ́κητε | ἐρῡ́κωσῐ(ν) | |||||
optative | ἐρῡ́κοιμῐ | ἐρῡ́κοις | ἐρῡ́κοι | ἐρῡ́κοιτον | ἐρῡκοίτην | ἐρῡ́κοιμεν | ἐρῡ́κοιτε | ἐρῡ́κοιεν | |||||
imperative | ἔρῡκε | ἐρῡκέτω | ἐρῡ́κετον | ἐρῡκέτων | ἐρῡ́κετε | ἐρῡκόντων | |||||||
middle/ passive | indicative | ἐρῡ́κομαι | ἐρῡ́κῃ, ἐρῡ́κει | ἐρῡ́κεται | ἐρῡ́κεσθον | ἐρῡ́κεσθον | ἐρῡκόμεθᾰ | ἐρῡ́κεσθε | ἐρῡ́κονται | ||||
subjunctive | ἐρῡ́κωμαι | ἐρῡ́κῃ | ἐρῡ́κηται | ἐρῡ́κησθον | ἐρῡ́κησθον | ἐρῡκώμεθᾰ | ἐρῡ́κησθε | ἐρῡ́κωνται | |||||
optative | ἐρῡκοίμην | ἐρῡ́κοιο | ἐρῡ́κοιτο | ἐρῡ́κοισθον | ἐρῡκοίσθην | ἐρῡκοίμεθᾰ | ἐρῡ́κοισθε | ἐρῡ́κοιντο | |||||
imperative | ἐρῡ́κου | ἐρῡκέσθω | ἐρῡ́κεσθον | ἐρῡκέσθων | ἐρῡ́κεσθε | ἐρῡκέσθων | |||||||
active | middle/passive | ||||||||||||
infinitive | ἐρῡ́κειν | ἐρῡ́κεσθαι | |||||||||||
participle | m | ἐρῡ́κων | ἐρῡκόμενος | ||||||||||
f | ἐρῡ́κουσᾰ | ἐρῡκομένη | |||||||||||
n | ἐρῦκον | ἐρῡκόμενον | |||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. |
Imperfect: ἔρῡκον, ἐρῡκόμην (Epic)
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ἔρῡκον | ἔρῡκες | ἔρῡκε(ν) | ἐρῡ́κετον | ἐρῡκέτην | ἐρῡ́κομεν | ἐρῡ́κετε | ἔρῡκον | ||||
middle/ passive | indicative | ἐρῡκόμην | ἐρῡ́κου | ἐρῡ́κετο | ἐρῡ́κεσθον | ἐρῡκέσθην | ἐρῡκόμε(σ)θᾰ | ἐρῡ́κεσθε | ἐρῡ́κοντο | ||||
Notes: | Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. |
Future: ἐρῡ́ξω, ἐρῡ́ξομαι
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ἐρῡ́ξω | ἐρῡ́ξεις | ἐρῡ́ξει | ἐρῡ́ξετον | ἐρῡ́ξετον | ἐρῡ́ξομεν | ἐρῡ́ξετε | ἐρῡ́ξουσῐ(ν) | ||||
optative | ἐρῡ́ξοιμῐ | ἐρῡ́ξοις | ἐρῡ́ξοι | ἐρῡ́ξοιτον | ἐρῡξοίτην | ἐρῡ́ξοιμεν | ἐρῡ́ξοιτε | ἐρῡ́ξοιεν | |||||
middle | indicative | ἐρῡ́ξομαι | ἐρῡ́ξῃ, ἐρῡ́ξει | ἐρῡ́ξεται | ἐρῡ́ξεσθον | ἐρῡ́ξεσθον | ἐρῡξόμεθᾰ | ἐρῡ́ξεσθε | ἐρῡ́ξονται | ||||
optative | ἐρῡξοίμην | ἐρῡ́ξοιο | ἐρῡ́ξοιτο | ἐρῡ́ξοισθον | ἐρῡξοίσθην | ἐρῡξοίμεθᾰ | ἐρῡ́ξοισθε | ἐρῡ́ξοιντο | |||||
active | middle | ||||||||||||
infinitive | ἐρῡ́ξειν | ἐρῡ́ξεσθαι | |||||||||||
participle | m | ἐρῡ́ξων | ἐρῡξόμενος | ||||||||||
f | ἐρῡ́ξουσᾰ | ἐρῡξομένη | |||||||||||
n | ἐρῦξον | ἐρῡξόμενον | |||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. |
Aorist: ἔρῡξᾰ, ἐρῡξᾰ́μην
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ἔρῡξᾰ | ἔρῡξᾰς | ἔρῡξε(ν) | ἐρῡ́ξᾰτον | ἐρῡξᾰ́την | ἐρῡ́ξᾰμεν | ἐρῡ́ξᾰτε | ἔρῡξᾰν | ||||
subjunctive | ἐρῡ́ξω | ἐρῡ́ξῃς | ἐρῡ́ξῃ | ἐρῡ́ξητον | ἐρῡ́ξητον | ἐρῡ́ξωμεν | ἐρῡ́ξητε | ἐρῡ́ξωσῐ(ν) | |||||
optative | ἐρῡ́ξαιμῐ | ἐρῡ́ξειᾰς, ἐρῡ́ξαις | ἐρῡ́ξειε(ν), ἐρῡ́ξαι | ἐρῡ́ξαιτον | ἐρῡξαίτην | ἐρῡ́ξαιμεν | ἐρῡ́ξαιτε | ἐρῡ́ξειᾰν, ἐρῡ́ξαιεν | |||||
imperative | ἔρῡξον | ἐρῡξᾰ́τω | ἐρῡ́ξᾰτον | ἐρῡξᾰ́των | ἐρῡ́ξᾰτε | ἐρῡξᾰ́ντων | |||||||
middle | indicative | ἐρῡξᾰ́μην | ἐρῡ́ξω | ἐρῡ́ξᾰτο | ἐρῡ́ξᾰσθον | ἐρῡξᾰ́σθην | ἐρῡξᾰ́μεθᾰ | ἐρῡ́ξᾰσθε | ἐρῡ́ξᾰντο | ||||
subjunctive | ἐρῡ́ξωμαι | ἐρῡ́ξῃ | ἐρῡ́ξηται | ἐρῡ́ξησθον | ἐρῡ́ξησθον | ἐρῡξώμεθᾰ | ἐρῡ́ξησθε | ἐρῡ́ξωνται | |||||
optative | ἐρῡξαίμην | ἐρῡ́ξαιο | ἐρῡ́ξαιτο | ἐρῡ́ξαισθον | ἐρῡξαίσθην | ἐρῡξαίμεθᾰ | ἐρῡ́ξαισθε | ἐρῡ́ξαιντο | |||||
imperative | ἔρῡξαι | ἐρῡξᾰ́σθω | ἐρῡ́ξᾰσθον | ἐρῡξᾰ́σθων | ἐρῡ́ξᾰσθε | ἐρῡξᾰ́σθων | |||||||
active | middle | ||||||||||||
infinitive | ἐρῦξαι | ἐρῡ́ξᾰσθαι | |||||||||||
participle | m | ἐρῡ́ξᾱς | ἐρῡξᾰ́μενος | ||||||||||
f | ἐρῡ́ξᾱσᾰ | ἐρῡξᾰμένη | |||||||||||
n | ἐρῦξᾰν | ἐρῡξᾰ́μενον | |||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. |
Aorist: ἠρῡ́κᾰκον, ἠρῡκᾰκόμην
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ἠρῡ́κᾰκον | ἠρῡ́κᾰκες | ἠρῡ́κᾰκε(ν) | ἠρῡκᾰ́κετον | ἠρῡκᾰκέτην | ἠρῡκᾰ́κομεν | ἠρῡκᾰ́κετε | ἠρῡ́κᾰκον | ||||
subjunctive | ἐρῡκᾰ́κω | ἐρῡκᾰ́κῃς | ἐρῡκᾰ́κῃ | ἐρῡκᾰ́κητον | ἐρῡκᾰ́κητον | ἐρῡκᾰ́κωμεν | ἐρῡκᾰ́κητε | ἐρῡκᾰ́κωσῐ(ν) | |||||
optative | ἐρῡκᾰ́κοιμῐ | ἐρῡκᾰ́κοις | ἐρῡκᾰ́κοι | ἐρῡκᾰ́κοιτον | ἐρῡκᾰκοίτην | ἐρῡκᾰ́κοιμεν | ἐρῡκᾰ́κοιτε | ἐρῡκᾰ́κοιεν | |||||
imperative | ἐρῡ́κᾰκε | ἐρῡκᾰκέτω | ἐρῡκᾰ́κετον | ἐρῡκᾰκέτων | ἐρῡκᾰ́κετε | ἐρῡκᾰκόντων | |||||||
middle | indicative | ἠρῡκᾰκόμην | ἠρῡκᾰ́κου | ἠρῡκᾰ́κετο | ἠρῡκᾰ́κεσθον | ἠρῡκᾰκέσθην | ἠρῡκᾰκόμεθᾰ | ἠρῡκᾰ́κεσθε | ἠρῡκᾰ́κοντο | ||||
subjunctive | ἐρῡκᾰ́κωμαι | ἐρῡκᾰ́κῃ | ἐρῡκᾰ́κηται | ἐρῡκᾰ́κησθον | ἐρῡκᾰ́κησθον | ἐρῡκᾰκώμεθᾰ | ἐρῡκᾰ́κησθε | ἐρῡκᾰ́κωνται | |||||
optative | ἐρῡκᾰκοίμην | ἐρῡκᾰ́κοιο | ἐρῡκᾰ́κοιτο | ἐρῡκᾰ́κοισθον | ἐρῡκᾰκοίσθην | ἐρῡκᾰκοίμεθᾰ | ἐρῡκᾰ́κοισθε | ἐρῡκᾰ́κοιντο | |||||
imperative | ἐρῡκᾰκοῦ | ἐρῡκᾰκέσθω | ἐρῡκᾰ́κεσθον | ἐρῡκᾰκέσθων | ἐρῡκᾰ́κεσθε | ἐρῡκᾰκέσθων | |||||||
active | middle | ||||||||||||
infinitive | ἐρῡκᾰκεῖν | ἐρῡκᾰκέσθαι | |||||||||||
participle | m | ἐρῡκᾰκών | ἐρῡκᾰκόμενος | ||||||||||
f | ἐρῡκᾰκοῦσᾰ | ἐρῡκᾰκομένη | |||||||||||
n | ἐρῡκᾰκόν | ἐρῡκᾰκόμενον | |||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. |
Aorist: ἐρῡ́κᾰκον, ἐρῡκᾰκόμην (Epic)
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ἐρῡ́κᾰκον | ἐρῡ́κᾰκες | ἐρῡ́κᾰκε(ν) | ἐρῡκᾰ́κετον | ἐρῡκᾰκέτην | ἐρῡκᾰ́κομεν | ἐρῡκᾰ́κετε | ἐρῡ́κᾰκον | ||||
subjunctive | ἐρῡκᾰ́κω, ἐρῡκᾰ́κωμῐ | ἐρῡκᾰ́κῃς, ἐρῡκᾰ́κῃσθᾰ | ἐρῡκᾰ́κῃ, ἐρῡκᾰ́κῃσῐ | ἐρῡκᾰ́κητον | ἐρῡκᾰ́κητον | ἐρῡκᾰ́κωμεν | ἐρῡκᾰ́κητε | ἐρῡκᾰ́κωσῐ(ν) | |||||
optative | ἐρῡκᾰ́κοιμῐ | ἐρῡκᾰ́κοις/ἐρῡκᾰ́κοισθᾰ | ἐρῡκᾰ́κοι | ἐρῡκᾰκεῖτον | ἐρῡκᾰκείτην | ἐρῡκᾰκεῖμεν | ἐρῡκᾰκεῖτε | ἐρῡκᾰκεῖεν | |||||
imperative | ἐρῡ́κᾰκε | ἐρῡκᾰκέτω | ἐρῡκᾰ́κετον | ἐρῡκᾰκέτων | ἐρῡκᾰ́κετε | ἐρῡκᾰκόντων | |||||||
middle | indicative | ἐρῡκᾰκόμην | ἐρῡκᾰ́κεο | ἐρῡκᾰ́κετο | ἐρῡκᾰ́κεσθον | ἐρῡκᾰκέσθην | ἐρῡκᾰκόμε(σ)θᾰ | ἐρῡκᾰ́κεσθε | ἐρῡκᾰ́κοντο | ||||
subjunctive | ἐρῡκᾰ́κωμαι, ἐρῡκᾰκώμαιμῐ | ἐρῡκᾰ́κηαι, ἐρῡκᾰ́κηαι | ἐρῡκᾰ́κηται, ἐρῡκᾰκήταισῐ | ἐρῡκᾰ́κησθον | ἐρῡκᾰ́κησθον | ἐρῡκᾰκώμε(σ)θᾰ | ἐρῡκᾰ́κησθε | ἐρῡκᾰ́κωνται | |||||
optative | ἐρῡκᾰκοίμην | ἐρῡκᾰ́κοιο | ἐρῡκᾰ́κοιτο | ἐρῡκᾰ́κοισθον | ἐρῡκᾰκοίσθην | ἐρῡκᾰκοίμε(σ)θᾰ | ἐρῡκᾰ́κοισθε | ἐρῡκᾰκοίᾰτο | |||||
imperative | ἐρῡκᾰ́κεο | ἐρῡκᾰκέσθω | ἐρῡκᾰ́κεσθον | ἐρῡκᾰκέσθων | ἐρῡκᾰ́κεσθε | ἐρῡκᾰκέσθων | |||||||
active | middle | ||||||||||||
infinitive | ἐρῡκᾰκέειν/ἐρῡκᾰκέμεν(αι) | ἐρῡκᾰκέσθαι | |||||||||||
participle | m | ἐρῡκᾰκών | ἐρῡκᾰκόμενος | ||||||||||
f | ἐρῡκᾰκοῦσᾰ | ἐρῡκᾰκομένη | |||||||||||
n | ἐρῡκᾰκόν | ἐρῡκᾰκόμενον | |||||||||||
Notes: | Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. |
Derived terms
- ἀνταπερύκω (antaperúkō)
- ἀπερύκω (aperúkō)
- διερύκω (dierúkō)
- ἐξερύκω (exerúkō)
- ἐρυκανάω (erukanáō)
- κατερυκτικός (kateruktikós)
- κατερύκω (katerúkō)
Further reading
- “ἐρύκω”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
- ἐρύκω in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- ἐρύκω in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
- “ἐρύκω”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “ἐρύκω”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
- Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
- check idem, page 128.
- confine idem, page 158.
- curb idem, page 189.
- hinder idem, page 400.
- hold idem, page 402.
- impede idem, page 419.
- prevent idem, page 639.
- repress idem, page 698.
- restrain idem, page 705.
- stop idem, page 820.