ἐπιγιγνώσκω
Ancient Greek
Alternative forms
- ἐπιγινώσκω (epiginṓskō) – Ionic, post-Classical
Etymology
From ἐπι- (epi-, “upon”) + γιγνώσκω (gignṓskō, “to know”).
Pronunciation
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /e.pi.ɡi.ɡnɔ̌ːs.kɔː/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /e.pi.ɡiˈɡnos.ko/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /e.pi.ʝiˈɣnos.ko/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /e.pi.ʝiˈɣnos.ko/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /e.pi.ʝiˈɣnos.ko/
Verb
ἐπῐγιγνώσκω • (epigignṓskō)
- to look upon, witness, observe
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 18.30
- 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Cyropaedia 8.1.33
- 497 BCE – 405 BCE, Sophocles, Ajax 18
- 522 BCE – 443 BCE, Pindar, Pythian Ode 4.279
- to recognize, know again
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 24.217
- 497 BCE – 405 BCE, Sophocles, Electra 1296
- 366 BCE – 348 BCE, Plato, Theaetetus 192E
- (of things) to find out, discover, detect
- 458 BCE, Aeschylus, Agamemnon 1598
- 200 BCE – 118 BCE, Polybius, The Histories 2.11.3
- 380 BCE, Plato, Euthydemus 301E
- 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, History of Animals 631B.11
- 200 BCE – 118 BCE, Polybius, The Histories 1.65.6
- 300 BCE – 200 BCE, Septuagint, Genesis 37.32
- to come to a judgement, decide
- 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 3.57
- 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 2.65
- 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 1.70
- 60 BCE – 7 BCE, Dionysius of Halicarnassus, Roman Antiquities 11.52
- to recognize, acknowledge, approve
- 53 CE – 55 CE, Paul the Apostle, First Epistle to the Corinthians 16:18
Inflection
Present: ἐπιγιγνώσκω, ἐπιγιγνώσκομαι
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ἐπιγιγνώσκω | ἐπιγιγνώσκεις | ἐπιγιγνώσκει | ἐπιγιγνώσκετον | ἐπιγιγνώσκετον | ἐπιγιγνώσκομεν | ἐπιγιγνώσκετε | ἐπιγιγνώσκουσῐ(ν) | ||||
subjunctive | ἐπιγιγνώσκω | ἐπιγιγνώσκῃς | ἐπιγιγνώσκῃ | ἐπιγιγνώσκητον | ἐπιγιγνώσκητον | ἐπιγιγνώσκωμεν | ἐπιγιγνώσκητε | ἐπιγιγνώσκωσῐ(ν) | |||||
optative | ἐπιγιγνώσκοιμῐ | ἐπιγιγνώσκοις | ἐπιγιγνώσκοι | ἐπιγιγνώσκοιτον | ἐπιγιγνωσκοίτην | ἐπιγιγνώσκοιμεν | ἐπιγιγνώσκοιτε | ἐπιγιγνώσκοιεν | |||||
imperative | ἐπιγίγνωσκε | ἐπιγιγνωσκέτω | ἐπιγιγνώσκετον | ἐπιγιγνωσκέτων | ἐπιγιγνώσκετε | ἐπιγιγνωσκόντων | |||||||
middle/ passive | indicative | ἐπιγιγνώσκομαι | ἐπιγιγνώσκῃ, ἐπιγιγνώσκει | ἐπιγιγνώσκεται | ἐπιγιγνώσκεσθον | ἐπιγιγνώσκεσθον | ἐπιγιγνωσκόμεθᾰ | ἐπιγιγνώσκεσθε | ἐπιγιγνώσκονται | ||||
subjunctive | ἐπιγιγνώσκωμαι | ἐπιγιγνώσκῃ | ἐπιγιγνώσκηται | ἐπιγιγνώσκησθον | ἐπιγιγνώσκησθον | ἐπιγιγνωσκώμεθᾰ | ἐπιγιγνώσκησθε | ἐπιγιγνώσκωνται | |||||
optative | ἐπιγιγνωσκοίμην | ἐπιγιγνώσκοιο | ἐπιγιγνώσκοιτο | ἐπιγιγνώσκοισθον | ἐπιγιγνωσκοίσθην | ἐπιγιγνωσκοίμεθᾰ | ἐπιγιγνώσκοισθε | ἐπιγιγνώσκοιντο | |||||
imperative | ἐπιγιγνώσκου | ἐπιγιγνωσκέσθω | ἐπιγιγνώσκεσθον | ἐπιγιγνωσκέσθων | ἐπιγιγνώσκεσθε | ἐπιγιγνωσκέσθων | |||||||
active | middle/passive | ||||||||||||
infinitive | ἐπιγιγνώσκειν | ἐπιγιγνώσκεσθαι | |||||||||||
participle | m | ἐπιγιγνώσκων | ἐπιγιγνωσκόμενος | ||||||||||
f | ἐπιγιγνώσκουσᾰ | ἐπιγιγνωσκομένη | |||||||||||
n | ἐπιγιγνῶσκον | ἐπιγιγνωσκόμενον | |||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. |
Imperfect: ἐπεγίγνωσκον, ἐπεγιγνωσκόμην
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ἐπεγίγνωσκον | ἐπεγίγνωσκες | ἐπεγίγνωσκε(ν) | ἐπεγιγνώσκετον | ἐπεγιγνωσκέτην | ἐπεγιγνώσκομεν | ἐπεγιγνώσκετε | ἐπεγίγνωσκον | ||||
middle/ passive | indicative | ἐπεγιγνωσκόμην | ἐπεγιγνώσκου | ἐπεγιγνώσκετο | ἐπεγιγνώσκεσθον | ἐπεγιγνωσκέσθην | ἐπεγιγνωσκόμεθᾰ | ἐπεγιγνώσκεσθε | ἐπεγιγνώσκοντο | ||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. |
Future: ἐπιγνώσομαι
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
middle | indicative | ἐπιγνώσομαι | ἐπιγνώσῃ, ἐπιγνώσει | ἐπιγνώσεται | ἐπιγνώσεσθον | ἐπιγνώσεσθον | ἐπιγνωσόμεθᾰ | ἐπιγνώσεσθε | ἐπιγνώσονται | ||||
optative | ἐπιγνωσοίμην | ἐπιγνώσοιο | ἐπιγνώσοιτο | ἐπιγνώσοισθον | ἐπιγνωσοίσθην | ἐπιγνωσοίμεθᾰ | ἐπιγνώσοισθε | ἐπιγνώσοιντο | |||||
middle | |||||||||||||
infinitive | ἐπιγνώσεσθαι | ||||||||||||
participle | m | ἐπιγνωσόμενος | |||||||||||
f | ἐπιγνωσομένη | ||||||||||||
n | ἐπιγνωσόμενον | ||||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. |
Perfect: ἐπέγνωκᾰ
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ἐπέγνωκᾰ | ἐπέγνωκᾰς | ἐπέγνωκε(ν) | ἐπεγνώκᾰτον | ἐπεγνώκᾰτον | ἐπεγνώκᾰμεν | ἐπεγνώκᾰτε | ἐπεγνώκᾱσῐ(ν) | ||||
subjunctive | ἐπεγνώκω | ἐπεγνώκῃς | ἐπεγνώκῃ | ἐπεγνώκητον | ἐπεγνώκητον | ἐπεγνώκωμεν | ἐπεγνώκητε | ἐπεγνώκωσῐ(ν) | |||||
optative | ἐπεγνώκοιμῐ, ἐπεγνωκοίην | ἐπεγνώκοις, ἐπεγνωκοίης | ἐπεγνώκοι, ἐπεγνωκοίη | ἐπεγνώκοιτον | ἐπεγνωκοίτην | ἐπεγνώκοιμεν | ἐπεγνώκοιτε | ἐπεγνώκοιεν | |||||
imperative | ἐπέγνωκε | ἐπεγνωκέτω | ἐπεγνώκετον | ἐπεγνωκέτων | ἐπεγνώκετε | ἐπεγνωκόντων | |||||||
active | |||||||||||||
infinitive | ἐπεγνωκέναι | ||||||||||||
participle | m | ἐπεγνωκώς | |||||||||||
f | ἐπεγνωκυῖᾰ | ||||||||||||
n | ἐπεγνωκός | ||||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. |
Further reading
- “ἐπιγιγνώσκω”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “ἐπιγιγνώσκω”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- “ἐπιγιγνώσκω”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
- ἐπιγιγνώσκω in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- ἐπιγιγνώσκω in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963