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单词 ἐπεί
释义

ἐπεί

Ancient Greek

Etymology

From ἐπί (epí, “on”) + εἰ (ei, “if”).

Pronunciation

 
  • (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /e.pěː/
  • (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /eˈpi/
  • (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /eˈpi/
  • (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /eˈpi/
  • (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /eˈpi/

Conjunction

ἐπεί • (epeí)

  1. (of time) after, after that, since, when
    1. (with indicative)
      1. (of a definite occurrence in past time, mostly with aorist)
      • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 1.458
      • 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Anabasis 1.1.3
      • 423 BCE, Aristophanes, The Clouds 1354
      • 413 BCE, Euripides, Iphigenia in Tauris 260
      • 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Anabasis 1.1.1
      • 330 BCE, Demosthenes, On the Crown 42
      • 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Anabasis 6.5.27
      1. (with implied reference to some later time)
        • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 1.2
        • 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 7.8
        • 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 8.68
        • 458 BCE, Aeschylus, Agamemnon 40
        • 442 BCE, Sophocles, Antigone 15
        • 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 3.117
    2. (with subjunctive, ἄν (án) often being added)
      • 425 BCE, Aristophanes, Lysistrata 1175
      • 414 BCE, Aristophanes, The Birds 983
      • 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 3.153
      • 460 BCE – 370 BCE, Hippocrates, On Fractures 6
      • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 6.412
      1. (referring to future time)
        • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 4.238
        • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 11.764
        • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 17.23
        • 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 3.153
        • 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Demosthenes, Against Eubulides 16
        • 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Anabasis 2.3.29
        • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 6.412
        • 361 BCE, Demosthenes, Against Midias 34
      2. (referring generally to any one of a number of instances, with a present apodosis of repeated action) whenever, when once
        • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 11.221
        • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 9.409
        • 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 2.34
        • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 20.86
        • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 11.478
        • 406 BCE, Sophocles, Oedipus at Colonus 1225
        • 442 BCE, Sophocles, Antigone 1025
    3. (with optative, without ἄν (án))
      1. (referring to future time)
        • 380 BCE, Plato, The Republic 516A
        • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 24.227
        • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 2.105
      2. (more frequently, referring generally to any one of a number of past instances, with a past apodosis of repeated action)
        • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 24.14
        • 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Anabasis 4.5.9
        • 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Cyropaedia 5.3.55
        • 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 8.38
        • 428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Phaedo 59D
        • 428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Protagoras 315B
      3. (in indirect speech after past tenses, representing a subjunctive in direct speech)
        • 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Anabasis 7.2.27
        • 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Anabasis 3.5.18
        • 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Cyropaedia 1.4.21
        • 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 7.80
    4. (with infinitive, only be assimilation in indirect speech)
      • 380 BCE, Plato, The Republic 619C
      • 385 BCE – 380 BCE, Plato, Symposium 174D
      • 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 4.10
      • 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 7.150
    5. (with other words)
      1. (with τάχιστα (tákhista))
        • 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Anabasis 7.2.6
        • 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Cyropaedia 3.3.22
        • 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Politics 1284A.40
        • 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Hellenica 3.2.4
        • 522 BCE – 443 BCE, Pindar, Nemean Ode 1.35
        • 428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Protagoras 310C
        • 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Demosthenes, Against Pantaenetus 41
        • 428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Protagoras 325C
      2. (with various emphatic particles)
        • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 6.426
        • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 1.57
        • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 3.4
        • 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 3.9
        • 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 9.90
  2. (causal) since, seeing that
    1. (with indicative)
      • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 1.119
      • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 1.153
      • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 1.278
      • 522 BCE – 443 BCE, Pindar, Olympian Ode 4.16
      • 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Memorabilia 2.3.4
      • 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 8.80
      • 428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Protagoras 335C
      • 458 BCE, Aeschylus, Agamemnon 854
    2. (in most of the constructions which are found in independent sentences)
      • 409 BCE, Sophocles, Philoctetes 1037
      • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 15.228
      • 330 BCE, Demosthenes, On the Crown 49
      • 409 BCE, Sophocles, Philoctetes 948
      • 522 BCE – 443 BCE, Pindar, Olympian Ode 9.29
      • 429 BCE, Sophocles, Oedipus the King 433
      • 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Memorabilia 2.7.14
      • 497 BCE – 405 BCE, Sophocles, Electra 352
      • 406 BCE, Sophocles, Oedipus at Colonus 969
      • 429 BCE, Sophocles, Oedipus the King 390
      • 422 BCE, Aristophanes, The Wasps 73
      • 380 BCE, Plato, Gorgias 473E
      • 423 BCE, Aristophanes, The Clouds 688
      • 522 BCE – 443 BCE, Pindar, Pythian Ode 7.5
      • 458 BCE, Aeschylus, The Libation Bearers 214
      • 497 BCE – 405 BCE, Sophocles, Women of Trachis 139
    3. (with infinitive in indirect speech)
      • 428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Protagoras 353A
      • 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 8.111
      • 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 2.93
    4. (in various elliptical expressions)
      • 428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Protagoras 335C
      • 428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Protagoras 333C
      • 428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Protagoras 317A
      • 400 BCE – 387 BCE, Plato, Apology 19E
      • 385 BCE – 380 BCE, Plato, Symposium 187A
      • 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Nicomachean Ethics 1121A.19
    5. (sometimes epexegetic, introducing a narrative)
      • 399 BCE, Plato, Euthyphro 4C
    6. (with other particles)
      • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 17.185
      • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 1.352
      • 750 BCE – 650 BCE, Hesiod, Theogony 171
      • 480 BCE – 406 BCE, Euripides, Cyclops 181
      • 428 BCE, Euripides, Hippolytus 955
      • 428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Phaedo 77D
      • 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Demosthenes, Against Conon 29
      • 497 BCE – 405 BCE, Sophocles, Electra 631
      • 428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Phaedo 87C
      • 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 3.9
      • 442 BCE, Sophocles, Antigone 923
      • 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 6.18
      • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 1.169
      • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 9.276
      • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 13.447
      • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 20.181
      • 458 BCE, Aeschylus, Agamemnon 822
      • 406 BCE, Sophocles, Oedipus at Colonus 75
      • 428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Phaedo 114D
      • 446 BCE – 386 BCE, Aristophanes, The Acharnians 437
      • 446 BCE – 386 BCE, Aristophanes, The Acharnians 495
      • 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 6.18
      • 406 BCE, Sophocles, Oedipus at Colonus 433
      • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 22.379
      • 409 BCE, Sophocles, Philoctetes 446

Derived terms

  • ἐπᾱ́ν (epā́n)
  • ἐπειδή (epeidḗ)
  • ἐπειδήπερ (epeidḗper)
  • ἐπείπερ (epeíper)
  • ἐπείτε (epeíte)

References

  • “ἐπεί”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • “ἐπεί”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • “ἐπεί”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
  • ἐπεί in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
  • ἐπεί in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
  • “ἐπεί”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
  • G1893 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
  • Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
    • after idem, page 17.
    • as idem, page 42.
    • because idem, page 68.
    • else idem, page 265.
    • ever since idem, page 285.
    • for idem, page 334.
    • since idem, page 777.
    • when idem, page 975.
  • Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
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