ἅγιος

See also: άγιος

Ancient Greek

FWOTD – 3 August 2017

Etymology

From Proto-Hellenic *hágijos, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁yáǵyos.

Pronunciation

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /há.ɡi.os/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈ(h)a.ɡi.os/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈa.ʝi.os/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈa.ʝi.os/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈa.ʝi.os/

Adjective

ἅγιος • (hágios) m (feminine ἁγίᾱ, neuter ἅγῐον); first/second declension

devoted to the gods
of things: sacred, holy
- 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 2.41.5:
  ἐν ταύτῃ ὦ τῇ Προσωπίτιδι νήσῳ ἔνεισι μὲν καὶ ἄλλαι πόλιες συχναί, ἐκ τῆς δὲ αἱ βάριες παραγίνονται ἀναιρησόμεναι τὰ ὀστέα τῶν βοῶν, οὔνομα τῇ πόλι Ἀτάρβηχις, ἐν δ’ αὐτῇ Ἀφροδίτης ἱρὸν ἅγιον ἵδρυται.
  en taútēi ô têi Prosōpítidi nḗsōi éneisi mèn kaì állai pólies sukhnaí, ek tês dè hai báries paragínontai anairēsómenai tà ostéa tôn boôn, oúnoma têi póli Atárbēkhis, en d’ autêi Aphrodítēs hiròn hágion hídrutai.
  1920 translation by A. D. Godley
  There are many other towns on Prosopitis; the one from which the boats come to gather the bones of the bulls is called Atarbekhis; a temple of Aphrodite stands in it of great sanctity.
of people: holy, pious, pure
accursed

Declension

First and second declension of ἅγῐος; ἁγῐ́ᾱ; ἅγῐον (Attic)

Number	Singular			Dual			Plural
Case/Gender	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	ἅγῐος hágios	ἁγῐ́ᾱ hagíā	ἅγῐον hágion	ἁγῐ́ω hagíō	ἁγῐ́ᾱ hagíā	ἁγῐ́ω hagíō	ἅγῐοι hágioi	ἅγῐαι hágiai	ἅγῐᾰ hágia
Genitive	ἁγῐ́ου hagíou	ἁγῐ́ᾱς hagíās	ἁγῐ́ου hagíou	ἁγῐ́οιν hagíoin	ἁγῐ́αιν hagíain	ἁγῐ́οιν hagíoin	ἁγῐ́ων hagíōn	ἁγῐ́ων hagíōn	ἁγῐ́ων hagíōn
Dative	ἁγῐ́ῳ hagíōi	ἁγῐ́ᾳ hagíāi	ἁγῐ́ῳ hagíōi	ἁγῐ́οιν hagíoin	ἁγῐ́αιν hagíain	ἁγῐ́οιν hagíoin	ἁγῐ́οις hagíois	ἁγῐ́αις hagíais	ἁγῐ́οις hagíois
Accusative	ἅγῐον hágion	ἁγῐ́ᾱν hagíān	ἅγῐον hágion	ἁγῐ́ω hagíō	ἁγῐ́ᾱ hagíā	ἁγῐ́ω hagíō	ἁγῐ́ους hagíous	ἁγῐ́ᾱς hagíās	ἅγῐᾰ hágia
Vocative	ἅγῐε hágie	ἁγῐ́ᾱ hagíā	ἅγῐον hágion	ἁγῐ́ω hagíō	ἁγῐ́ᾱ hagíā	ἁγῐ́ω hagíō	ἅγῐοι hágioi	ἅγῐαι hágiai	ἅγῐᾰ hágia
Derived forms	Adverb			Comparative			Superlative
Derived forms	ἁγῐ́ως hagíōs			ἁγῐώτερος hagiṓteros			ἁγῐώτᾰτος hagiṓtatos
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

First and second declension of ἅγῐος; ἁγῐ́ᾱ; ἅγῐον (Laconian)

Number	Singular			Dual			Plural
Case/Gender	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	ἅγῐος hágios	ἁγῐ́ᾱ hagíā	ἅγῐον hágion	ἁγῐ́ω hagíō	ἁγῐ́ᾱ hagíā	ἁγῐ́ω hagíō	ἅγῐοι hágioi	ἅγῐαι hágiai	ἅγῐᾰ hágia
Genitive	ἁγῐ́ω hagíō	ἁγῐ́ᾱς hagíās	ἁγῐ́ω hagíō	ἁγῐ́οιν hagíoin	ἁγῐ́αιν hagíain	ἁγῐ́οιν hagíoin	ἁγῐ́ων hagíōn	ἁγῐᾶν hagiân	ἁγῐ́ων hagíōn
Dative	ἁγῐ́ῳ hagíōi	ἁγῐ́ᾳ hagíāi	ἁγῐ́ῳ hagíōi	ἁγῐ́οιν hagíoin	ἁγῐ́αιν hagíain	ἁγῐ́οιν hagíoin	ἁγῐ́οις hagíois	ἁγῐ́αις hagíais	ἁγῐ́οις hagíois
Accusative	ἅγῐον hágion	ἁγῐ́ᾱν hagíān	ἅγῐον hágion	ἁγῐ́ω hagíō	ἁγῐ́ᾱ hagíā	ἁγῐ́ω hagíō	ἁγῐ́ως hagíōs	ἁγῐ́ᾱς hagíās	ἁγῐ́ως hagíōs
Vocative	ἅγῐε hágie	ἁγῐ́ᾱ hagíā	ἅγῐον hágion	ἁγῐ́ω hagíō	ἁγῐ́ᾱ hagíā	ἁγῐ́ω hagíō	ἅγῐοι hágioi	ἅγῐαι hágiai	ἅγῐᾰ hágia
Derived forms	Adverb			Comparative			Superlative
Derived forms	ἁγῐ́ως hagíōs			ἁγῐώτερος hagiṓteros			ἁγῐώτᾰτος hagiṓtatos
Notes:	Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms may be based on conjecture. Use with caution.

First and second declension of ἅγῐος; ἁγῐ́η; ἅγῐον (Ionic)

Number	Singular			Dual			Plural
Case/Gender	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	ἅγῐος hágios	ἁγῐ́η hagíē	ἅγῐον hágion	ἁγῐ́ω hagíō	ἁγῐ́ᾱ hagíā	ἁγῐ́ω hagíō	ἅγῐοι hágioi	ἅγῐαι hágiai	ἅγῐᾰ hágia
Genitive	ἁγῐ́ου hagíou	ἁγῐ́ης hagíēs	ἁγῐ́ου hagíou	ἁγῐ́οιν hagíoin	ἁγῐ́αιν hagíain	ἁγῐ́οιν hagíoin	ἁγῐ́ων hagíōn	ἁγῐέων / ἁγῐῶν hagiéōn / hagiôn	ἁγῐ́ων hagíōn
Dative	ἁγῐ́ῳ hagíōi	ἁγῐ́ῃ hagíēi	ἁγῐ́ῳ hagíōi	ἁγῐ́οιν hagíoin	ἁγῐ́αιν hagíain	ἁγῐ́οιν hagíoin	ἁγῐ́οισῐ / ἁγῐ́οισῐν / ἁγῐ́οις hagíoisi(n) / hagíois	ἁγῐ́ῃσῐ / ἁγῐ́ῃσῐν hagíēisi(n)	ἁγῐ́οισῐ / ἁγῐ́οισῐν / ἁγῐ́οις hagíoisi(n) / hagíois
Accusative	ἅγῐον hágion	ἁγῐ́ην hagíēn	ἅγῐον hágion	ἁγῐ́ω hagíō	ἁγῐ́ᾱ hagíā	ἁγῐ́ω hagíō	ἁγῐ́ους hagíous	ἁγῐ́ᾱς hagíās	ἅγῐᾰ hágia
Vocative	ἅγῐε hágie	ἁγῐ́η hagíē	ἅγῐον hágion	ἁγῐ́ω hagíō	ἁγῐ́ᾱ hagíā	ἁγῐ́ω hagíō	ἅγῐοι hágioi	ἅγῐαι hágiai	ἅγῐᾰ hágia
Derived forms	Adverb			Comparative			Superlative
Derived forms	ἁγῐ́ως hagíōs			ἁγῐώτερος hagiṓteros			ἁγῐώτᾰτος hagiṓtatos
Notes:	Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms may be based on conjecture. Use with caution.

Related terms

ἁγνός (hagnós)
ἅγος (hágos)
ἅζομαι (házomai)
τρισάγιον (triságion)

Descendants

Greek: άγιος (ágios)
→ Coptic: ϩⲁⲅⲓⲟⲥ (hagios)
→⇒ English: hagio-
→⇒ French: hagio-

Noun

ἅγιος • (hágios) m (genitive ἁγίου); second declension

(Koine, biblical) A Christian
- 53 CE – 55 CE, Paul the Apostle, First Epistle to the Corinthians 6:1:
  Τολμᾷ τις ὑμῶν, πρᾶγμα ἔχων πρὸς τὸν ἕτερον, κρίνεσθαι ἐπὶ τῶν ἀδίκων καὶ οὐχὶ ἐπὶ τῶν ἁγίων;
  Tolmâi tis humôn, prâgma ékhōn pròs tòn héteron, krínesthai epì tôn adíkōn kaì oukhì epì tôn hagíōn?
  Translation by King James Version
  Dare any of you, having a matter against another, go to law before the unjust, and not before the saints?
(Koine, Byzantine) a saint

Declension

Second declension of ὁ ἅγιος; τοῦ ἁγίου (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Plural
Nominative	ὁ ἅγιος ho hágios	οἱ ἅγιοι hoi hágioi
Genitive	τοῦ ἁγίου toû hagíou	τῶν ἁγίων tôn hagíōn
Dative	τῷ ἁγίῳ tôi hagíōi	τοῖς ἁγίοις toîs hagíois
Accusative	τὸν ἅγιον tòn hágion	τοὺς ἁγίους toùs hagíous
Vocative	ἅγιε hágie	ἅγιοι hágioi
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

ἅγιος

Ancient Greek

Etymology

Pronunciation

Adjective

Declension

Related terms

Descendants

Noun

Declension

Further reading