ἁλίζω
Ancient Greek
FWOTD – 27 September 2021
Pronunciation
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /ha.lí.zɔː/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /(h)aˈli.zo/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /aˈli.zo/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /aˈli.zo/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /aˈli.zo/
Etymology 1
From ᾱ̔λής (hālḗs, “thronged, crowded”) + -ίζω (-ízō), from Proto-Indo-European *wel- (“to push, press”).
Verb
ᾱ̔λῐ́ζω • (hālízō)
- (transitive) To gather, assemble, meet, collect
Conjugation
Present: ᾱ̔λῐ́ζω, ᾱ̔λῐ́ζομαι
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | ᾱ̔λῐ́ζω | ᾱ̔λῐ́ζεις | ᾱ̔λῐ́ζει | ᾱ̔λῐ́ζετον | ᾱ̔λῐ́ζετον | ᾱ̔λῐ́ζομεν | ᾱ̔λῐ́ζετε | ᾱ̔λῐ́ζουσῐ(ν) | ||||
| subjunctive | ᾱ̔λῐ́ζω | ᾱ̔λῐ́ζῃς | ᾱ̔λῐ́ζῃ | ᾱ̔λῐ́ζητον | ᾱ̔λῐ́ζητον | ᾱ̔λῐ́ζωμεν | ᾱ̔λῐ́ζητε | ᾱ̔λῐ́ζωσῐ(ν) | |||||
| optative | ᾱ̔λῐ́ζοιμῐ | ᾱ̔λῐ́ζοις | ᾱ̔λῐ́ζοι | ᾱ̔λῐ́ζοιτον | ᾱ̔λῐζοίτην | ᾱ̔λῐ́ζοιμεν | ᾱ̔λῐ́ζοιτε | ᾱ̔λῐ́ζοιεν | |||||
| imperative | ᾱ̔́λῐζε | ᾱ̔λῐζέτω | ᾱ̔λῐ́ζετον | ᾱ̔λῐζέτων | ᾱ̔λῐ́ζετε | ᾱ̔λῐζόντων | |||||||
| middle/ passive | indicative | ᾱ̔λῐ́ζομαι | ᾱ̔λῐ́ζῃ, ᾱ̔λῐ́ζει | ᾱ̔λῐ́ζεται | ᾱ̔λῐ́ζεσθον | ᾱ̔λῐ́ζεσθον | ᾱ̔λῐζόμεθᾰ | ᾱ̔λῐ́ζεσθε | ᾱ̔λῐ́ζονται | ||||
| subjunctive | ᾱ̔λῐ́ζωμαι | ᾱ̔λῐ́ζῃ | ᾱ̔λῐ́ζηται | ᾱ̔λῐ́ζησθον | ᾱ̔λῐ́ζησθον | ᾱ̔λῐζώμεθᾰ | ᾱ̔λῐ́ζησθε | ᾱ̔λῐ́ζωνται | |||||
| optative | ᾱ̔λῐζοίμην | ᾱ̔λῐ́ζοιο | ᾱ̔λῐ́ζοιτο | ᾱ̔λῐ́ζοισθον | ᾱ̔λῐζοίσθην | ᾱ̔λῐζοίμεθᾰ | ᾱ̔λῐ́ζοισθε | ᾱ̔λῐ́ζοιντο | |||||
| imperative | ᾱ̔λῐ́ζου | ᾱ̔λῐζέσθω | ᾱ̔λῐ́ζεσθον | ᾱ̔λῐζέσθων | ᾱ̔λῐ́ζεσθε | ᾱ̔λῐζέσθων | |||||||
| active | middle/passive | ||||||||||||
| infinitive | ᾱ̔λῐ́ζειν | ᾱ̔λῐ́ζεσθαι | |||||||||||
| participle | m | ᾱ̔λῐ́ζων | ᾱ̔λῐζόμενος | ||||||||||
| f | ᾱ̔λῐ́ζουσᾰ | ᾱ̔λῐζομένη | |||||||||||
| n | ᾱ̔λῐ́ζον | ᾱ̔λῐζόμενον | |||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. | ||||||||||||
Aorist: ἥλῐσᾰ, ἡλῐ́σθην
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | ἥλῐσᾰ | ἥλῐσᾰς | ἥλῐσε(ν) | ἡλῐ́σᾰτον | ἡλῐσᾰ́την | ἡλῐ́σᾰμεν | ἡλῐ́σᾰτε | ἥλῐσᾰν | ||||
| subjunctive | ᾰ̔λῐ́σω | ᾰ̔λῐ́σῃς | ᾰ̔λῐ́σῃ | ᾰ̔λῐ́σητον | ᾰ̔λῐ́σητον | ᾰ̔λῐ́σωμεν | ᾰ̔λῐ́σητε | ᾰ̔λῐ́σωσῐ(ν) | |||||
| optative | ᾰ̔λῐ́σαιμῐ | ᾰ̔λῐ́σειᾰς, ᾰ̔λῐ́σαις | ᾰ̔λῐ́σειε(ν), ᾰ̔λῐ́σαι | ᾰ̔λῐ́σαιτον | ᾰ̔λῐσαίτην | ᾰ̔λῐ́σαιμεν | ᾰ̔λῐ́σαιτε | ᾰ̔λῐ́σειᾰν, ᾰ̔λῐ́σαιεν | |||||
| imperative | ᾰ̔́λῐσον | ᾰ̔λῐσᾰ́τω | ᾰ̔λῐ́σᾰτον | ᾰ̔λῐσᾰ́των | ᾰ̔λῐ́σᾰτε | ᾰ̔λῐσᾰ́ντων | |||||||
| passive | indicative | ἡλῐ́σθην | ἡλῐ́σθης | ἡλῐ́σθη | ἡλῐ́σθητον | ἡλῐσθήτην | ἡλῐ́σθημεν | ἡλῐ́σθητε | ἡλῐ́σθησᾰν | ||||
| subjunctive | ᾰ̔λῐσθῶ | ᾰ̔λῐσθῇς | ᾰ̔λῐσθῇ | ᾰ̔λῐσθῆτον | ᾰ̔λῐσθῆτον | ᾰ̔λῐσθῶμεν | ᾰ̔λῐσθῆτε | ᾰ̔λῐσθῶσῐ(ν) | |||||
| optative | ᾰ̔λῐσθείην | ᾰ̔λῐσθείης | ᾰ̔λῐσθείη | ᾰ̔λῐσθεῖτον, ᾰ̔λῐσθείητον | ᾰ̔λῐσθείτην, ᾰ̔λῐσθειήτην | ᾰ̔λῐσθεῖμεν, ᾰ̔λῐσθείημεν | ᾰ̔λῐσθεῖτε, ᾰ̔λῐσθείητε | ᾰ̔λῐσθεῖεν, ᾰ̔λῐσθείησᾰν | |||||
| imperative | ᾰ̔λῐ́σθητῐ | ᾰ̔λῐσθήτω | ᾰ̔λῐ́σθητον | ᾰ̔λῐσθήτων | ᾰ̔λῐ́σθητε | ᾰ̔λῐσθέντων | |||||||
| active | passive | ||||||||||||
| infinitive | ᾰ̔λῐ́σαι | ᾰ̔λῐσθῆναι | |||||||||||
| participle | m | ᾰ̔λῐ́σᾱς | ᾰ̔λῐσθείς | ||||||||||
| f | ᾰ̔λῐ́σᾱσᾰ | ᾰ̔λῐσθεῖσᾰ | |||||||||||
| n | ᾰ̔λῐ́σᾰν | ᾰ̔λῐσθέν | |||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. | ||||||||||||
Etymology 2
From ἅλς (háls, “salt”) + -ίζω (-ízō, denominative verb suffix).
Verb
ᾰ̔λῐ́ζω • (halízō) (Attic, Koine)
- (transitive) To make salty; to salt or salinate
- 70 CE – 110 CE, The Gospel of Matthew 5:13:
- Ὑμεῖς ἐστε τὸ ἅλας τῆς γῆς· ἐὰν δὲ τὸ ἅλας μωρανθῇ, ἐν τίνι ἁλισθήσεται; Εἰς οὐδὲν ἰσχύει ἔτι εἰ μὴ βληθὲν ἔξω καταπατεῖσθαι ὑπὸ τῶν ἀνθρώπων.
- Humeîs este tò hálas tês gês; eàn dè tò hálas mōranthêi, en tíni halisthḗsetai? Eis oudèn iskhúei éti ei mḕ blēthèn éxō katapateîsthai hupò tôn anthrṓpōn.
- Ye are the salt of the earth: but if the salt have lost his savour, wherewith shall it be salted? It is thenceforth good for nothing, but to be cast out, and to be trodden under foot of men. – KJV
- Ὑμεῖς ἐστε τὸ ἅλας τῆς γῆς· ἐὰν δὲ τὸ ἅλας μωρανθῇ, ἐν τίνι ἁλισθήσεται; Εἰς οὐδὲν ἰσχύει ἔτι εἰ μὴ βληθὲν ἔξω καταπατεῖσθαι ὑπὸ τῶν ἀνθρώπων.
Conjugation
Present: ᾰ̔λῐ́ζω, ᾰ̔λῐ́ζομαι
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | ᾰ̔λῐ́ζω | ᾰ̔λῐ́ζεις | ᾰ̔λῐ́ζει | ᾰ̔λῐ́ζετον | ᾰ̔λῐ́ζετον | ᾰ̔λῐ́ζομεν | ᾰ̔λῐ́ζετε | ᾰ̔λῐ́ζουσῐ(ν) | ||||
| subjunctive | ᾰ̔λῐ́ζω | ᾰ̔λῐ́ζῃς | ᾰ̔λῐ́ζῃ | ᾰ̔λῐ́ζητον | ᾰ̔λῐ́ζητον | ᾰ̔λῐ́ζωμεν | ᾰ̔λῐ́ζητε | ᾰ̔λῐ́ζωσῐ(ν) | |||||
| optative | ᾰ̔λῐ́ζοιμῐ | ᾰ̔λῐ́ζοις | ᾰ̔λῐ́ζοι | ᾰ̔λῐ́ζοιτον | ᾰ̔λῐζοίτην | ᾰ̔λῐ́ζοιμεν | ᾰ̔λῐ́ζοιτε | ᾰ̔λῐ́ζοιεν | |||||
| imperative | ᾰ̔́λῐζε | ᾰ̔λῐζέτω | ᾰ̔λῐ́ζετον | ᾰ̔λῐζέτων | ᾰ̔λῐ́ζετε | ᾰ̔λῐζόντων | |||||||
| middle/ passive | indicative | ᾰ̔λῐ́ζομαι | ᾰ̔λῐ́ζῃ, ᾰ̔λῐ́ζει | ᾰ̔λῐ́ζεται | ᾰ̔λῐ́ζεσθον | ᾰ̔λῐ́ζεσθον | ᾰ̔λῐζόμεθᾰ | ᾰ̔λῐ́ζεσθε | ᾰ̔λῐ́ζονται | ||||
| subjunctive | ᾰ̔λῐ́ζωμαι | ᾰ̔λῐ́ζῃ | ᾰ̔λῐ́ζηται | ᾰ̔λῐ́ζησθον | ᾰ̔λῐ́ζησθον | ᾰ̔λῐζώμεθᾰ | ᾰ̔λῐ́ζησθε | ᾰ̔λῐ́ζωνται | |||||
| optative | ᾰ̔λῐζοίμην | ᾰ̔λῐ́ζοιο | ᾰ̔λῐ́ζοιτο | ᾰ̔λῐ́ζοισθον | ᾰ̔λῐζοίσθην | ᾰ̔λῐζοίμεθᾰ | ᾰ̔λῐ́ζοισθε | ᾰ̔λῐ́ζοιντο | |||||
| imperative | ᾰ̔λῐ́ζου | ᾰ̔λῐζέσθω | ᾰ̔λῐ́ζεσθον | ᾰ̔λῐζέσθων | ᾰ̔λῐ́ζεσθε | ᾰ̔λῐζέσθων | |||||||
| active | middle/passive | ||||||||||||
| infinitive | ᾰ̔λῐ́ζειν | ᾰ̔λῐ́ζεσθαι | |||||||||||
| participle | m | ᾰ̔λῐ́ζων | ᾰ̔λῐζόμενος | ||||||||||
| f | ᾰ̔λῐ́ζουσᾰ | ᾰ̔λῐζομένη | |||||||||||
| n | ᾰ̔λῐ́ζον | ᾰ̔λῐζόμενον | |||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. | ||||||||||||
Future: ᾰ̔λῐσθήσομαι
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| passive | indicative | ᾰ̔λῐσθήσομαι | ᾰ̔λῐσθήσῃ | ᾰ̔λῐσθήσεται | ᾰ̔λῐσθήσεσθον | ᾰ̔λῐσθήσεσθον | ᾰ̔λῐσθησόμεθᾰ | ᾰ̔λῐσθήσεσθε | ᾰ̔λῐσθήσονται | ||||
| optative | ᾰ̔λῐσθησοίμην | ᾰ̔λῐσθήσοιο | ᾰ̔λῐσθήσοιτο | ᾰ̔λῐσθήσοισθον | ᾰ̔λῐσθησοίσθην | ᾰ̔λῐσθησοίμεθᾰ | ᾰ̔λῐσθήσοισθε | ᾰ̔λῐσθήσοιντο | |||||
| passive | |||||||||||||
| infinitive | ᾰ̔λῐσθήσεσθαι | ||||||||||||
| participle | m | ᾰ̔λῐσθησόμενος | |||||||||||
| f | ᾰ̔λῐσθησομένη | ||||||||||||
| n | ᾰ̔λῐσθησόμενον | ||||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. | ||||||||||||
Imperfect: ἥλῐζον, ἡλῐζόμην
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | ἥλῐζον | ἥλῐζες | ἥλῐζε(ν) | ἡλῐ́ζετον | ἡλῐζέτην | ἡλῐ́ζομεν | ἡλῐ́ζετε | ἥλῐζον | ||||
| middle/ passive | indicative | ἡλῐζόμην | ἡλῐ́ζου | ἡλῐ́ζετο | ἡλῐ́ζεσθον | ἡλῐζέσθην | ἡλῐζόμεθᾰ | ἡλῐ́ζεσθε | ἡλῐ́ζοντο | ||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. | ||||||||||||
Aorist: ἥλῐσᾰ, ἡλῐ́σθην
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | ἥλῐσᾰ | ἥλῐσᾰς | ἥλῐσε(ν) | ἡλῐ́σᾰτον | ἡλῐσᾰ́την | ἡλῐ́σᾰμεν | ἡλῐ́σᾰτε | ἥλῐσᾰν | ||||
| subjunctive | ᾰ̔λῐ́σω | ᾰ̔λῐ́σῃς | ᾰ̔λῐ́σῃ | ᾰ̔λῐ́σητον | ᾰ̔λῐ́σητον | ᾰ̔λῐ́σωμεν | ᾰ̔λῐ́σητε | ᾰ̔λῐ́σωσῐ(ν) | |||||
| optative | ᾰ̔λῐ́σαιμῐ | ᾰ̔λῐ́σειᾰς, ᾰ̔λῐ́σαις | ᾰ̔λῐ́σειε(ν), ᾰ̔λῐ́σαι | ᾰ̔λῐ́σαιτον | ᾰ̔λῐσαίτην | ᾰ̔λῐ́σαιμεν | ᾰ̔λῐ́σαιτε | ᾰ̔λῐ́σειᾰν, ᾰ̔λῐ́σαιεν | |||||
| imperative | ᾰ̔́λῐσον | ᾰ̔λῐσᾰ́τω | ᾰ̔λῐ́σᾰτον | ᾰ̔λῐσᾰ́των | ᾰ̔λῐ́σᾰτε | ᾰ̔λῐσᾰ́ντων | |||||||
| passive | indicative | ἡλῐ́σθην | ἡλῐ́σθης | ἡλῐ́σθη | ἡλῐ́σθητον | ἡλῐσθήτην | ἡλῐ́σθημεν | ἡλῐ́σθητε | ἡλῐ́σθησᾰν | ||||
| subjunctive | ᾰ̔λῐσθῶ | ᾰ̔λῐσθῇς | ᾰ̔λῐσθῇ | ᾰ̔λῐσθῆτον | ᾰ̔λῐσθῆτον | ᾰ̔λῐσθῶμεν | ᾰ̔λῐσθῆτε | ᾰ̔λῐσθῶσῐ(ν) | |||||
| optative | ᾰ̔λῐσθείην | ᾰ̔λῐσθείης | ᾰ̔λῐσθείη | ᾰ̔λῐσθεῖτον, ᾰ̔λῐσθείητον | ᾰ̔λῐσθείτην, ᾰ̔λῐσθειήτην | ᾰ̔λῐσθεῖμεν, ᾰ̔λῐσθείημεν | ᾰ̔λῐσθεῖτε, ᾰ̔λῐσθείητε | ᾰ̔λῐσθεῖεν, ᾰ̔λῐσθείησᾰν | |||||
| imperative | ᾰ̔λῐ́σθητῐ | ᾰ̔λῐσθήτω | ᾰ̔λῐ́σθητον | ᾰ̔λῐσθήτων | ᾰ̔λῐ́σθητε | ᾰ̔λῐσθέντων | |||||||
| active | passive | ||||||||||||
| infinitive | ᾰ̔λῐ́σαι | ᾰ̔λῐσθῆναι | |||||||||||
| participle | m | ᾰ̔λῐ́σᾱς | ᾰ̔λῐσθείς | ||||||||||
| f | ᾰ̔λῐ́σᾱσᾰ | ᾰ̔λῐσθεῖσᾰ | |||||||||||
| n | ᾰ̔λῐ́σᾰν | ᾰ̔λῐσθέν | |||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. | ||||||||||||
References
- “ἁλίζω”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “ἁλίζω”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- ἁλίζω in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- ἁλίζω in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2023)
- G233 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible