ἀχράς

Ancient Greek

Etymology

One connects ἄχερδος (ákherdos, “wild pear”). According to Frisk and Chantraine, it is possibly a loanword, while Beekes suggests a Pre-Greek origin, with ἀ-χερδ- beside ἀ-χραδ-, with metathesis and alternation α/ε. Admittedly, the alternation can also be understood in Indo-European terms, but such an origin is highly improbable for a word for "pear".

Pronunciation

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /a.kʰrás/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /aˈkʰras/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /aˈxras/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /aˈxras/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /aˈxras/

Noun

ἀχρᾰ́ς • (akhrás) f (genitive ἀχρᾰ́δος); third declension

wild pear (Pyrus amygdaliformis)
Synonyms: ἄπιος (ápios), ἄχερδος (ákherdos), ὄγχνη (ónkhnē)

Declension

Third declension of ἡ ἀχρᾰ́ς; τῆς ἀχρᾰ́δος (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ἡ ἀχρᾰ́ς hē akhrás	τὼ ἀχρᾰ́δε tṑ akhráde	αἱ ἀχρᾰ́δες hai akhrádes
Genitive	τῆς ἀχρᾰ́δος tês akhrádos	τοῖν ἀχρᾰ́δοιν toîn akhrádoin	τῶν ἀχρᾰ́δων tôn akhrádōn
Dative	τῇ ἀχρᾰ́δῐ têi akhrádi	ἀχρᾰ́δοιν akhrádoin	ταῖς ἀχρᾰ́σῐ / ἀχρᾰ́σῐν taîs akhrási(n)
Accusative	τὴν ἀχρᾰ́δᾰ tḕn akhráda	ἀχρᾰ́δε akhráde	τᾱ̀ς ἀχρᾰ́δᾰς tā̀s akhrádas
Vocative	ἀχρᾰ́ς akhrás	ἀχρᾰ́δε akhráde	ἀχρᾰ́δες akhrádes
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension. Nominative singular -ς (-s) arose by reduction of the original cluster *-ds.

Derived terms

ἀχράδινος (akhrádinos)

References

ἀχράς in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
ἀχράς in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
ἀχράς in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2020)
Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN