ἀσφαλής

ἀσφαλής

Ancient Greek

Etymology

ἀ- (a-, “un-”) +‎ σφᾰ́λλω (sphállō, “to overthrow”) +‎ -ής (-ḗs)

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /as.pʰa.lɛ̌ːs/ → /as.ɸaˈlis/ → /as.faˈlis/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /as.pʰa.lɛ̌ːs/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /as.pʰaˈle̝s/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /as.ɸaˈlis/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /as.faˈlis/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /as.faˈlis/

Adjective

ᾰ̓σφᾰλής • (asphalḗs) m or f (neuter ᾰ̓σφᾰλές); third declension

1. immovable, steadfast, unshaken
2. unfailing, trusty
3. sure, certain
4. safe from danger

Declension

Third declension of ᾰ̓σφᾰλής; ᾰ̓σφᾰλές (contracted, Attic)

Number		Singular			Dual			Plural
Case/Gender		Masculine / Feminine	Neuter		Masculine / Feminine	Neuter		Masculine / Feminine	Neuter
Nominative		ᾰ̓σφᾰλής asphalḗs	ᾰ̓σφᾰλές asphalés		ᾰ̓σφᾰλεῖ asphaleî	ᾰ̓σφᾰλεῖ asphaleî		ᾰ̓σφᾰλεῖς asphaleîs	ᾰ̓σφᾰλῆ asphalê
Genitive		ᾰ̓σφᾰλοῦς asphaloûs	ᾰ̓σφᾰλοῦς asphaloûs		ᾰ̓σφᾰλοῖν asphaloîn	ᾰ̓σφᾰλοῖν asphaloîn		ᾰ̓σφᾰλῶν asphalôn	ᾰ̓σφᾰλῶν asphalôn
Dative		ᾰ̓σφᾰλεῖ asphaleî	ᾰ̓σφᾰλεῖ asphaleî		ᾰ̓σφᾰλοῖν asphaloîn	ᾰ̓σφᾰλοῖν asphaloîn		ᾰ̓σφᾰλέσῐ / ᾰ̓σφᾰλέσῐν asphalési(n)	ᾰ̓σφᾰλέσῐ / ᾰ̓σφᾰλέσῐν asphalési(n)
Accusative		ᾰ̓σφᾰλῆ asphalê	ᾰ̓σφᾰλές asphalés		ᾰ̓σφᾰλεῖ asphaleî	ᾰ̓σφᾰλεῖ asphaleî		ᾰ̓σφᾰλεῖς asphaleîs	ᾰ̓σφᾰλῆ asphalê
Vocative		ᾰ̓σφᾰλές asphalés	ᾰ̓σφᾰλές asphalés		ᾰ̓σφᾰλεῖ asphaleî	ᾰ̓σφᾰλεῖ asphaleî		ᾰ̓σφᾰλεῖς asphaleîs	ᾰ̓σφᾰλῆ asphalê
Derived forms		Adverb			Comparative			Superlative
		ᾰ̓σφᾰλῶς asphalôs			ᾰ̓σφᾰλέστερος asphalésteros			ᾰ̓σφᾰλέστᾰτος asphaléstatos
Notes:		This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Further reading

• “ἀσφαλής”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “ἀσφαλής”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• ἀσφαλής in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
• “ἀσφαλής”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
• “ἀσφαλής”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
• ἀσφαλής in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2023)