ἀστός
Ancient Greek
Alternative forms
- ἀστή (astḗ) – feminine
Etymology
ᾰ̓́στυ (ástu, “town”) + -ος (-os).
Pronunciation
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /as.tós/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /asˈtos/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /asˈtos/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /asˈtos/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /asˈtos/
Noun
ᾰ̓στός • (astós) m (genitive ᾰ̓στου); second declension
(Epic, Doric, Ionic, Attic, Koine)
- inhabitant of a town or a city-state: townsman, citizen
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 11.242:
- ἀστοῖσιν ἀρήγων
- astoîsin arḗgōn
- coming to the aid of [his] townsmen
- ἀστοῖσιν ἀρήγων
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 13.192
- a native of a Greek city-state
- 380 BCE, Plato, The Republic 563a
- one who has civil rights (a freeman, not a slave) but not political rights: freeman, free
- 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Politics 3.1278a.34:
- τέλος δὲ μόνον τοὺς ἐξ ἀμφοῖν ἀστῶν πολίτας ποιοῦσιν.
- télos dè mónon toùs ex amphoîn astôn polítas poioûsin.
- finally, they only make citizens of those [who are born] of [parents] both [of whom are] free.
- τέλος δὲ μόνον τοὺς ἐξ ἀμφοῖν ἀστῶν πολίτας ποιοῦσιν.
- (in the plural) the common people
- 522 BCE – 443 BCE, Pindar, Pythian Ode 3.71
- 436 BCE – 338 BCE, Isocrates, Nicocles or the Cyprians 21
Declension
Second declension of ὁ ᾰ̓στός; τοῦ ᾰ̓στοῦ (Attic)
Case / # | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nominative | ὁ ᾰ̓στός ho astós | τὼ ᾰ̓στώ tṑ astṓ | οἱ ᾰ̓στοί hoi astoí | ||||||||||
Genitive | τοῦ ᾰ̓στοῦ toû astoû | τοῖν ᾰ̓στοῖν toîn astoîn | τῶν ᾰ̓στῶν tôn astôn | ||||||||||
Dative | τῷ ᾰ̓στῷ tôi astôi | τοῖν ᾰ̓στοῖν toîn astoîn | τοῖς ᾰ̓στοῖς toîs astoîs | ||||||||||
Accusative | τὸν ᾰ̓στόν tòn astón | τὼ ᾰ̓στώ tṑ astṓ | τοὺς ᾰ̓στούς toùs astoús | ||||||||||
Vocative | ᾰ̓στέ asté | ᾰ̓στώ astṓ | ᾰ̓στοί astoí | ||||||||||
Notes: |
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Synonyms
- ᾰ̓στή f (astḗ)
Coordinate terms
- (native-born inhabitant of a city-state): μέτοικος (métoikos), ξένος (xénos)
- (one with civil but not political rights): πολῑ́της (polī́tēs), δοῦλος (doûlos)
- (common people): ἀγαθοί (agathoí)
References
- ἀστός in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
- ἀστός in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press