ἀρήν

ἀρήν

Ancient Greek

Alternative forms

• ϝᾰρήν (warḗn) – Doric
• ἄρνα (árna) – Epic

Etymology

From Proto-Hellenic *warḗn, from Proto-Indo-European *wr̥h₁ḗn (“lamb”). Cognates include Latin vervēx (“wether”), Sanskrit उरण (úraṇa) and Old Armenian գառն (gaṙn).[1]

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /a.rɛ̌ːn/ → /aˈrin/ → /aˈrin/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /a.rɛ̌ːn/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /aˈre̝n/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /aˈrin/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /aˈrin/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /aˈrin/

Noun

ᾰ̓ρήν • (arḗn) m or f (genitive ᾰ̓ρνός); third declension

1. a lamb
2. a sheep, whether ram or ewe
3. (in the plural) shunted ears of wheat

Inflection

The nominative is only found in early inscriptions, the inflected forms being used in later Greek for ἀμνός (amnós).

Third declension of ὁ, ἡ ᾰ̓ρήν; τοῦ, τῆς ᾰ̓ρνός (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ὁ, ἡ ᾰ̓ρήν ho, hē arḗn	τὼ ἄρνε tṑ árne	οἱ, αἱ ἄρνες hoi, hai árnes
Genitive	τοῦ, τῆς ᾰ̓ρνός toû, tês arnós	τοῖν ἀρνοῖν toîn arnoîn	τῶν ἀρνῶν tôn arnôn
Dative	τῷ, τῇ ᾰ̓ρνῐ́ tôi, têi arní	τοῖν ἀρνοῖν toîn arnoîn	τοῖς, ταῖς ᾰ̓ρνᾰ́σῐ / ᾰ̓ρνᾰ́σῐν / ἄρνεσσῐ / ἄρνεσσῐν toîs, taîs arnási(n) / árnessi(n)
Accusative	τὸν, τὴν ἄρνα tòn, tḕn árna	τὼ ἄρνε tṑ árne	τοὺς, τᾱ̀ς ἄρνας toùs, tā̀s árnas
Vocative	ᾰ̓ρήν arḗn	ἄρνε árne	ἄρνες árnes
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Derived terms

• ἀρνακίς (arnakís)
• ἄρνειος (árneios)
• ἀρνειός (arneiós)
• ἀρνίον (arníon)
• ἀρνόγλωσσον (arnóglōsson)
• ἀρνοφάγος (arnophágos)
• πολύρρην (polúrrhēn)
• ῥήν (rhḗn)

 

See also

• ἀμνός (amnós)
• οἶς (oîs)
• πρόβατον (próbaton)

References

1. Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “ἀρήν”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume I, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 129

Further reading

• “ἀρήν”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “ἀρήν”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
• ἀρήν in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
• ἀρήν in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2023)
• G704 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible