ἀποθνῄσκω
Ancient Greek
Etymology
From ἀπο- (apo-) + θνῄσκω (thnḗiskō, “to die”).
Pronunciation
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /a.po.tʰnɛ̌ːi̯s.kɔː/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /a.poˈtʰne̝s.ko/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /a.poˈθnis.ko/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /a.poˈθnis.ko/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /a.poˈθnis.ko/
Verb
ἀποθνῄσκω • (apothnḗiskō)
- Strengthened form of θνῄσκω (thnḗiskō), but essentially synonymous
- To die
- ὅν οἱ φιλοῦσιν ἀποθνῄσκει νέος
- hón hoi philoûsin apothnḗiskei néos
- He whom the gods love dies young.
- To be killed, put to death, slain: serves as passive of ἀποκτείνω (apokteínō)
- 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 3.140.5:
- ἀδελφεοῦ τοῦ ἐμοῦ Πολυκράτεος ὑπὸ Ὀροίτεω ἀποθανόντος
- adelpheoû toû emoû Polukráteos hupò Oroíteō apothanóntos
- because my brother Polycrates has been killed by Oroites
- ἀδελφεοῦ τοῦ ἐμοῦ Πολυκράτεος ὑπὸ Ὀροίτεω ἀποθανόντος
- To die
Inflection
Present: ἀποθνῄσκω
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ἀποθνῄσκω | ἀποθνῄσκεις | ἀποθνῄσκει | ἀποθνῄσκετον | ἀποθνῄσκετον | ἀποθνῄσκομεν | ἀποθνῄσκετε | ἀποθνῄσκουσῐ(ν) | ||||
subjunctive | ἀποθνῄσκω | ἀποθνῄσκῃς | ἀποθνῄσκῃ | ἀποθνῄσκητον | ἀποθνῄσκητον | ἀποθνῄσκωμεν | ἀποθνῄσκητε | ἀποθνῄσκωσῐ(ν) | |||||
optative | ἀποθνῄσκοιμῐ | ἀποθνῄσκοις | ἀποθνῄσκοι | ἀποθνῄσκοιτον | ἀποθνῃσκοίτην | ἀποθνῄσκοιμεν | ἀποθνῄσκοιτε | ἀποθνῄσκοιεν | |||||
imperative | ἀπόθνῃσκε | ἀποθνῃσκέτω | ἀποθνῄσκετον | ἀποθνῃσκέτων | ἀποθνῄσκετε | ἀποθνῃσκόντων | |||||||
active | |||||||||||||
infinitive | ἀποθνῄσκειν | ||||||||||||
participle | m | ἀποθνῄσκων | |||||||||||
f | ἀποθνῄσκουσᾰ | ||||||||||||
n | ἀποθνῇσκον | ||||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. |
Imperfect: ἀπέθνῃσκον
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ἀπέθνῃσκον | ἀπέθνῃσκες | ἀπέθνῃσκε(ν) | ἀπεθνῄσκετον | ἀπεθνῃσκέτην | ἀπεθνῄσκομεν | ἀπεθνῄσκετε | ἀπέθνῃσκον | ||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. |
Future: ἀποθᾰνέομαι (Uncontracted)
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
middle | indicative | ἀποθᾰνέομαι | ἀποθᾰνέῃ, ἀποθᾰνέει | ἀποθᾰνέεται | ἀποθᾰνέεσθον | ἀποθᾰνέεσθον | ἀποθᾰνεόμεθᾰ | ἀποθᾰνέεσθε | ἀποθᾰνέονται | ||||
optative | ἀποθᾰνεοίμην | ἀποθᾰνέοιο | ἀποθᾰνέοιτο | ἀποθᾰνέοισθον | ἀποθᾰνεοίσθην | ἀποθᾰνεοίμεθᾰ | ἀποθᾰνέοισθε | ἀποθᾰνέοιντο | |||||
middle | |||||||||||||
infinitive | ἀποθᾰνέεσθαι | ||||||||||||
participle | m | ἀποθᾰνεόμενος | |||||||||||
f | ἀποθᾰνεομένη | ||||||||||||
n | ἀποθᾰνεόμενον | ||||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. |
Future: ἀποθᾰνοῦμαι (Contracted)
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
middle | indicative | ἀποθᾰνοῦμαι | ἀποθᾰνῇ | ἀποθᾰνεῖται | ἀποθᾰνεῖσθον | ἀποθᾰνεῖσθον | ἀποθᾰνούμεθᾰ | ἀποθᾰνεῖσθε | ἀποθᾰνοῦνται | ||||
optative | ἀποθᾰνοίμην | ἀποθᾰνοῖο | ἀποθᾰνοῖτο | ἀποθᾰνοῖσθον | ἀποθᾰνοίσθην | ἀποθᾰνοίμεθᾰ | ἀποθᾰνοῖσθε | ἀποθᾰνοῖντο | |||||
middle | |||||||||||||
infinitive | ἀποθᾰνεῖσθαι | ||||||||||||
participle | m | ἀποθᾰνούμενος | |||||||||||
f | ἀποθᾰνουμένη | ||||||||||||
n | ἀποθᾰνούμενον | ||||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. |
Aorist: ἀπέθᾰνον
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ἀπέθᾰνον | ἀπέθᾰνες | ἀπέθᾰνε(ν) | ἀπεθᾰ́νετον | ἀπεθᾰνέτην | ἀπεθᾰ́νομεν | ἀπεθᾰ́νετε | ἀπέθᾰνον | ||||
subjunctive | ἀποθᾰ́νω | ἀποθᾰ́νῃς | ἀποθᾰ́νῃ | ἀποθᾰ́νητον | ἀποθᾰ́νητον | ἀποθᾰ́νωμεν | ἀποθᾰ́νητε | ἀποθᾰ́νωσῐ(ν) | |||||
optative | ἀποθᾰ́νοιμῐ | ἀποθᾰ́νοις | ἀποθᾰ́νοι | ἀποθᾰ́νοιτον | ἀποθᾰνοίτην | ἀποθᾰ́νοιμεν | ἀποθᾰ́νοιτε | ἀποθᾰ́νοιεν | |||||
imperative | ἀπόθᾰνε | ἀποθᾰνέτω | ἀποθᾰ́νετον | ἀποθᾰνέτων | ἀποθᾰ́νετε | ἀποθᾰνόντων | |||||||
active | |||||||||||||
infinitive | ἀποθᾰνεῖν | ||||||||||||
participle | m | ἀποθᾰνών | |||||||||||
f | ἀποθᾰνοῦσᾰ | ||||||||||||
n | ἀποθᾰνόν | ||||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. |
Perfect: ἀποτέθνηκᾰ
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ἀποτέθνηκᾰ | ἀποτέθνηκᾰς | ἀποτέθνηκε(ν) | ἀποτεθνήκᾰτον | ἀποτεθνήκᾰτον | ἀποτεθνήκᾰμεν | ἀποτεθνήκᾰτε | ἀποτεθνήκᾱσῐ(ν) | ||||
subjunctive | ἀποτεθνήκω | ἀποτεθνήκῃς | ἀποτεθνήκῃ | ἀποτεθνήκητον | ἀποτεθνήκητον | ἀποτεθνήκωμεν | ἀποτεθνήκητε | ἀποτεθνήκωσῐ(ν) | |||||
optative | ἀποτεθνήκοιμῐ, ἀποτεθνηκοίην | ἀποτεθνήκοις, ἀποτεθνηκοίης | ἀποτεθνήκοι, ἀποτεθνηκοίη | ἀποτεθνήκοιτον | ἀποτεθνηκοίτην | ἀποτεθνήκοιμεν | ἀποτεθνήκοιτε | ἀποτεθνήκοιεν | |||||
imperative | ἀποτέθνηκε | ἀποτεθνηκέτω | ἀποτεθνήκετον | ἀποτεθνηκέτων | ἀποτεθνήκετε | ἀποτεθνηκόντων | |||||||
active | |||||||||||||
infinitive | ἀποτεθνηκέναι | ||||||||||||
participle | m | ἀποτεθνηκώς | |||||||||||
f | ἀποτεθνηκυῖᾰ | ||||||||||||
n | ἀποτεθνηκός | ||||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. |
Descendants
- Greek: πεθαίνω (pethaíno) (from the aorist stem)
Further reading
- “ἀποθνήσκω”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- ἀποθνῄσκω in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- ἀποθνῄσκω in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
- ἀποθνῄσκω in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2023)
- G599 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
- Albert Rijksbaron (2006), The Syntax and Semantics of the Verb in Classical Greek, 3rd ed., Chicago and London, The University of Chicago Press: section 42.2, p. 139