ἀποθνῄσκω

ἀποθνῄσκω

Ancient Greek

Etymology

From ἀπο- (apo-) +‎ θνῄσκω (thnḗiskō, “to die”).

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /a.po.tʰnɛ̌ːi̯s.kɔː/ → /a.poˈθnis.ko/ → /a.poˈθnis.ko/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /a.po.tʰnɛ̌ːi̯s.kɔː/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /a.poˈtʰne̝s.ko/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /a.poˈθnis.ko/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /a.poˈθnis.ko/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /a.poˈθnis.ko/

Verb

ἀποθνῄσκω • (apothnḗiskō)

1. Strengthened form of θνῄσκω (thnḗiskō), but essentially synonymous
   1. To die

      ὅν οἱ φιλοῦσιν ἀποθνῄσκει νέος

      hón hoi philoûsin apothnḗiskei néos

      He whom the gods love dies young.

   2. To be killed, put to death, slain: serves as passive of ἀποκτείνω (apokteínō)
      • 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 3.140.5:

        ἀδελφεοῦ τοῦ ἐμοῦ Πολυκράτεος ὑπὸ Ὀροίτεω ἀποθανόντος

        adelpheoû toû emoû Polukráteos hupò Oroíteō apothanóntos

        because my brother Polycrates has been killed by Oroites

Inflection

   Present: ἀποθνῄσκω

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ἀποθνῄσκω	ἀποθνῄσκεις	ἀποθνῄσκει	ἀποθνῄσκετον	ἀποθνῄσκετον	ἀποθνῄσκομεν	ἀποθνῄσκετε	ἀποθνῄσκουσῐ(ν)
	subjunctive	ἀποθνῄσκω	ἀποθνῄσκῃς	ἀποθνῄσκῃ	ἀποθνῄσκητον	ἀποθνῄσκητον	ἀποθνῄσκωμεν	ἀποθνῄσκητε	ἀποθνῄσκωσῐ(ν)
	optative	ἀποθνῄσκοιμῐ	ἀποθνῄσκοις	ἀποθνῄσκοι	ἀποθνῄσκοιτον	ἀποθνῃσκοίτην	ἀποθνῄσκοιμεν	ἀποθνῄσκοιτε	ἀποθνῄσκοιεν
	imperative		ἀπόθνῃσκε	ἀποθνῃσκέτω	ἀποθνῄσκετον	ἀποθνῃσκέτων		ἀποθνῄσκετε	ἀποθνῃσκόντων
		active
infinitive		ἀποθνῄσκειν
participle	m	ἀποθνῄσκων
	f	ἀποθνῄσκουσᾰ
	n	ἀποθνῇσκον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

   Imperfect: ἀπέθνῃσκον

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ἀπέθνῃσκον	ἀπέθνῃσκες	ἀπέθνῃσκε(ν)	ἀπεθνῄσκετον	ἀπεθνῃσκέτην	ἀπεθνῄσκομεν	ἀπεθνῄσκετε	ἀπέθνῃσκον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

   Future: ἀποθᾰνέομαι (Uncontracted)

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
middle	indicative	ἀποθᾰνέομαι	ἀποθᾰνέῃ, ἀποθᾰνέει	ἀποθᾰνέεται	ἀποθᾰνέεσθον	ἀποθᾰνέεσθον	ἀποθᾰνεόμεθᾰ	ἀποθᾰνέεσθε	ἀποθᾰνέονται
	optative	ἀποθᾰνεοίμην	ἀποθᾰνέοιο	ἀποθᾰνέοιτο	ἀποθᾰνέοισθον	ἀποθᾰνεοίσθην	ἀποθᾰνεοίμεθᾰ	ἀποθᾰνέοισθε	ἀποθᾰνέοιντο
					middle
infinitive					ἀποθᾰνέεσθαι
participle	m				ἀποθᾰνεόμενος
	f				ἀποθᾰνεομένη
	n				ἀποθᾰνεόμενον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

   Future: ἀποθᾰνοῦμαι (Contracted)

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
middle	indicative	ἀποθᾰνοῦμαι	ἀποθᾰνῇ	ἀποθᾰνεῖται	ἀποθᾰνεῖσθον	ἀποθᾰνεῖσθον	ἀποθᾰνούμεθᾰ	ἀποθᾰνεῖσθε	ἀποθᾰνοῦνται
	optative	ἀποθᾰνοίμην	ἀποθᾰνοῖο	ἀποθᾰνοῖτο	ἀποθᾰνοῖσθον	ἀποθᾰνοίσθην	ἀποθᾰνοίμεθᾰ	ἀποθᾰνοῖσθε	ἀποθᾰνοῖντο
					middle
infinitive					ἀποθᾰνεῖσθαι
participle	m				ἀποθᾰνούμενος
	f				ἀποθᾰνουμένη
	n				ἀποθᾰνούμενον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

   Aorist: ἀπέθᾰνον

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ἀπέθᾰνον	ἀπέθᾰνες	ἀπέθᾰνε(ν)	ἀπεθᾰ́νετον	ἀπεθᾰνέτην	ἀπεθᾰ́νομεν	ἀπεθᾰ́νετε	ἀπέθᾰνον
	subjunctive	ἀποθᾰ́νω	ἀποθᾰ́νῃς	ἀποθᾰ́νῃ	ἀποθᾰ́νητον	ἀποθᾰ́νητον	ἀποθᾰ́νωμεν	ἀποθᾰ́νητε	ἀποθᾰ́νωσῐ(ν)
	optative	ἀποθᾰ́νοιμῐ	ἀποθᾰ́νοις	ἀποθᾰ́νοι	ἀποθᾰ́νοιτον	ἀποθᾰνοίτην	ἀποθᾰ́νοιμεν	ἀποθᾰ́νοιτε	ἀποθᾰ́νοιεν
	imperative		ἀπόθᾰνε	ἀποθᾰνέτω	ἀποθᾰ́νετον	ἀποθᾰνέτων		ἀποθᾰ́νετε	ἀποθᾰνόντων
		active
infinitive		ἀποθᾰνεῖν
participle	m	ἀποθᾰνών
	f	ἀποθᾰνοῦσᾰ
	n	ἀποθᾰνόν
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

   Perfect: ἀποτέθνηκᾰ

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ἀποτέθνηκᾰ	ἀποτέθνηκᾰς	ἀποτέθνηκε(ν)	ἀποτεθνήκᾰτον	ἀποτεθνήκᾰτον	ἀποτεθνήκᾰμεν	ἀποτεθνήκᾰτε	ἀποτεθνήκᾱσῐ(ν)
	subjunctive	ἀποτεθνήκω	ἀποτεθνήκῃς	ἀποτεθνήκῃ	ἀποτεθνήκητον	ἀποτεθνήκητον	ἀποτεθνήκωμεν	ἀποτεθνήκητε	ἀποτεθνήκωσῐ(ν)
	optative	ἀποτεθνήκοιμῐ, ἀποτεθνηκοίην	ἀποτεθνήκοις, ἀποτεθνηκοίης	ἀποτεθνήκοι, ἀποτεθνηκοίη	ἀποτεθνήκοιτον	ἀποτεθνηκοίτην	ἀποτεθνήκοιμεν	ἀποτεθνήκοιτε	ἀποτεθνήκοιεν
	imperative		ἀποτέθνηκε	ἀποτεθνηκέτω	ἀποτεθνήκετον	ἀποτεθνηκέτων		ἀποτεθνήκετε	ἀποτεθνηκόντων
		active
infinitive		ἀποτεθνηκέναι
participle	m	ἀποτεθνηκώς
	f	ἀποτεθνηκυῖᾰ
	n	ἀποτεθνηκός
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Descendants

• Greek: πεθαίνω (pethaíno) (from the aorist stem)

Further reading

• “ἀποθνήσκω”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• ἀποθνῄσκω in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• ἀποθνῄσκω in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
• ἀποθνῄσκω in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2023)
• G599 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
• Albert Rijksbaron (2006), The Syntax and Semantics of the Verb in Classical Greek, 3rd ed., Chicago and London, The University of Chicago Press: section 42.2, p. 139