ἀλίβας
Ancient Greek
Etymology
The ancient explanation as "sapless", with ἀ- (a-, without) + λιβάς (libás, “spring, fount, source”) is based on popular etymology. Kretschmer connected it with Etruscan 𐌋𐌖𐌐𐌖 (lupu, “(he) died”) and Latin Libitina, which is possible but uncertain. The deviant shape of the word, as well as forms like ὀκρίβας (okríbas), κιλλίβας (killíbas), λυκάβας (lukábas) and Κορύβαντες (Korúbantes), clearly point to a Pre-Greek origin.
Pronunciation
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /a.lí.baːs/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /aˈli.bas/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /aˈli.βas/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /aˈli.vas/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /aˈli.vas/
Noun
ἀλῐ́βᾱς • (alíbās) m (genitive ἀλῐ́βᾰντος); third declension
- corpse, dead body
- (of the Styx) dead river
- (figuratively) dead wine, vinegar
- Synonym: ὄξος (óxos)
Declension
Third declension of ὁ ἀλῐ́βᾱς; τοῦ ἀλῐ́βᾰντος (Attic)
Case / # | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nominative | ὁ ἀλῐ́βᾱς ho alíbās | τὼ ἀλῐ́βᾰντε tṑ alíbante | οἱ ἀλῐ́βᾰντες hoi alíbantes | ||||||||||
Genitive | τοῦ ἀλῐ́βᾰντος toû alíbantos | τοῖν ἀλῐβᾰ́ντοιν toîn alibántoin | τῶν ἀλῐβᾰ́ντων tôn alibántōn | ||||||||||
Dative | τῷ ἀλῐ́βᾰντῐ tôi alíbanti | ἀλῐβᾰ́ντοιν alibántoin | τοῖς ἀλῐ́βᾱσῐ / ἀλῐ́βᾱσῐν toîs alíbāsi(n) | ||||||||||
Accusative | τὸν ἀλῐ́βᾰντᾰ tòn alíbanta | ἀλῐ́βᾰντε alíbante | τοὺς ἀλῐ́βᾰντᾰς toùs alíbantas | ||||||||||
Vocative | ἀλῐ́βᾰν alíban | ἀλῐ́βᾰντε alíbante | ἀλῐ́βᾰντες alíbantes | ||||||||||
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References
- ἀλίβας in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- ἀλίβας in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- ἀλίβας in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2020)
- Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN