ἀδήν

ἀδήν

See also: ἅδην and ἁδήν

Ancient Greek

Alternative forms

• ᾰ̔δήν (hadḗn)

Etymology

Beekes suggests Proto-Indo-European *h₁engʷḗn, because *h₁n̥gʷ-ḗn would produce *endḗn by Rix's Law (PIE *HR̥C > Proto-Hellenic *e/a/oRC), and rejects the connection with Latin inguen (“groin”) and Old Norse økkvenn (“thick, clodded”).[1]

De Vaan prefers to derive it from Proto-Indo-European *n̥gʷḗn (“the naked one”), from *negʷ- (“naked”), preserving the connection with Latin inguen but excluding the Germanic forms.[2]

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /a.dɛ̌ːn/ → /aˈðin/ → /aˈðin/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /a.dɛ̌ːn/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /aˈde̝n/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /aˈðin/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /aˈðin/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /aˈðin/

Noun

ᾰ̓δήν • (adḗn) f or m (genitive ᾰ̓δένος); third declension

1. gland
   • 460 BCE – 370 BCE, Hippocrates, On Joints 11:

      […], τοισίδε χρὴ τεκμαίρεσθαι ἀδένες ὕπεισιν ἢ ἐλάσσους ἢ μείζους πᾶσιν ὑπὸ τῇ μασχάλῃ, […]

      […], toisíde khrḕ tekmaíresthai adénes húpeisin ḕ elássous ḕ meízous pâsin hupò têi maskhálēi, […]

Usage notes

• Originally feminine, later masculine.

Inflection

Third declension of ὁ, ἡ ᾰ̓δήν; τοῦ, τῆς ᾰ̓δένος (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ὁ, ἡ ᾰ̓δήν ho, hē adḗn	τὼ ᾰ̓δένε tṑ adéne	οἱ, αἱ ᾰ̓δένες hoi, hai adénes
Genitive	τοῦ, τῆς ᾰ̓δένος toû, tês adénos	τοῖν ᾰ̓δένοιν toîn adénoin	τῶν ᾰ̓δένων tôn adénōn
Dative	τῷ, τῇ ᾰ̓δένῐ tôi, têi adéni	τοῖν ᾰ̓δένοιν toîn adénoin	τοῖς, ταῖς ᾰ̓δέσῐ / ᾰ̓δέσῐν toîs, taîs adési(n)
Accusative	τὸν, τὴν ᾰ̓δένᾰ tòn, tḕn adéna	τὼ ᾰ̓δένε tṑ adéne	τοὺς, τᾱ̀ς ᾰ̓δένᾰς toùs, tā̀s adénas
Vocative	ᾰ̓δήν adḗn	ᾰ̓δένε adéne	ᾰ̓δένες adénes
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Derived terms

• ᾰ̓δενοειδής (adenoeidḗs, adjective)

Descendants

• ⇒ English: adeno-, -adenia
• Greek: αδένας (adénas)
• ⇒ Latin: polyadenus

References

1. Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “ἀδήν”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume I, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 21
2. De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “inguen, -inis”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 303-304

• “ἀδήν”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press

Further reading

• ἀδήν in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• ἀδήν in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2023)