ṯꜣj

ṯꜣj

Egyptian

Pronunciation

 

• (reconstructed) IPA^(key): /ˈciʀjit/ → /ˈt͡ʃiʀjiʔ/ → /ˈt͡ʃiːʔə/

• (Old Egyptian, c. 2500 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈciʀjit/ (infinitive)[1]
• (Middle Egyptian, c. 1700 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈt͡ʃiʀjiʔ/ (infinitive)
• (Late Egyptian, c. 800 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈt͡ʃiːʔə/ (infinitive)

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /t͡ʃɑi/
  • Conventional anglicization: tjai

Verb

 3ae inf.

1. (transitive) to take
2. (transitive) to put on (clothes)

Inflection

Conjugation of ṯꜣj (third weak / 3ae inf. / III. inf.) — base stem: ṯꜣ, geminated stem: ṯꜣꜣ

infinitival forms			imperative
infinitive	negatival complement	complementary infinitive1	singular	plural
ṯꜣt, ṯꜣj	ṯꜣw, ṯꜣ	ṯꜣt, ṯꜣwt, ṯꜣyt	ṯꜣ	ṯꜣ, ṯꜣy

‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem	periphrastic imperfective2		periphrastic prospective2
ṯꜣ8, ṯꜣꜣ8	ḥr ṯꜣt, ḥr ṯꜣj	m ṯꜣt, m ṯꜣj	r ṯꜣt, r ṯꜣj

suffix conjugation
aspect / mood	active	passive	contingent
			aspect / mood	active	passive
perfect	ṯꜣ.n	ṯꜣw, ṯꜣ, ṯꜣy	consecutive	ṯꜣ.jn	active + .tj1, .tw2
		active + .tj1, .tw2
terminative	ṯꜣt, ṯꜣyt
perfective3	ṯꜣ	active + .tj1, .tw2	obligative	ṯꜣ.ḫr	active + .tj1, .tw2
imperfective	ṯꜣ, ṯꜣy	active + .tj1, .tw2
prospective3	ṯꜣw, ṯꜣ, ṯꜣy	ṯꜣw, ṯꜣ, ṯꜣy	potentialis	ṯꜣ.kꜣ	active + .tj1, .tw2
		active + .tj1, .tw2
subjunctive	ṯꜣ, ṯꜣy	active + .tj1, .tw2

verbal adjectives
aspect / mood	relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms		participles
	active	passive	active	passive
perfect	ṯꜣ.n	active + .tj1, .tw2	—	—
perfective	ṯꜣw1, ṯꜣy, ṯꜣ	active + .tj1, .tw2	ṯꜣ	ṯꜣy, ṯꜣ
imperfective	ṯꜣꜣ, ṯꜣꜣy, ṯꜣꜣw5	active + .tj1, .tw2	ṯꜣꜣ, ṯꜣꜣj6, ṯꜣꜣy6	ṯꜣꜣ, ṯꜣꜣw5
prospective	ṯꜣw1, ṯꜣy, ṯꜣ, ṯꜣtj7	—	ṯꜣwtj1 4, ṯꜣtj4, ṯꜣt4
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, plural .sn. Only in the masculine singular. Only in the masculine. Only in the feminine. Third-person masculine statives of this class often have a final -y instead of the expected stative ending.

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of ṯꜣj  

ṯꜣj

Descendants

• Demotic: ṯꜣy
  • Coptic: ϭⲓ (ci)

References

1. Loprieno, Antonio (1995) Ancient Egyptian: A Linguistic Introduction, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 42