ṯnj
See also: tnj, .tnj, and .ṯnj
Egyptian
Pronunciation
- (modern Egyptological) IPA(key): /t͡ʃɛni/
- Conventional anglicization: tjeni
For the Adverb:
- (reconstructed) IPA(key): /ˈcaːnaj/ → /ˈtaːnaj/ → /ˈtoːn/
Pronoun
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du 2. enclitic (‘dependent’) pronoun
- you two (see usage notes)
Usage notes
This form of pronoun is an enclitic that must directly follow the word it modifies. Its meaning depends on its context:
- When it follows a verb, it indicates the object of the verb.
- In the second and third person when it follows an adjective, it forms the subject of an adjectival sentence.
- When it follows a relative adjective, such as ntj, ntt, or jsṯ, it indicates the subject of the relative clause (usually only in the first person singular and third person common).
- When it follows an imperative, it indicates the object of the verb.
- When it follows a particle like m.k, it indicates the subject of the clause.
- When attached to a preposition, it indicates the object of the preposition.
Inflection
Old Egyptian personal pronouns
number | first person | second person | third person | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
masculine | feminine | masculine | feminine | |||
suffix pronouns | singular | ∅, .j | .k, .kj1 | .ṯ, .ṯn | .f, .fj1 | .s, .sj1 |
dual | .nj | .ṯnj | .snj | |||
plural | .n | .ṯn | .sn | |||
enclitic (‘dependent’) pronouns | singular | w, wj, wy | kw, k, ṯw, ṯ | ṯm, ṯn | sw, s | s |
dual | — | ṯnj | snj | |||
plural | n | ṯn | sn | |||
stressed (‘independent’) pronouns | singular | jnk | ṯwt | ṯmt | swt | stt |
dual | — | — | ntsnj | |||
plural | — | ntṯn | ntsn, jntsn | |||
stative (‘pseudoparticiple’) endings | singular | .kj, .k | .tj, .t | ∅, .j | .tj, .t | |
dual | — | .tjwn | .wy, .wj | .ty | ||
plural | .wn, .nw | ∅, .w, .y, .wy | .tj, .t | |||
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Middle Egyptian personal pronouns
number | first person | second person | third person | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
masculine | feminine | masculine | feminine | |||
suffix pronouns | singular | ∅, .j | .k, .kj1 | .ṯ, .t | .f, .fj1 | .s, .sj1 |
dual2 | .nj | .ṯnj, .tnj | .snj | |||
plural | .n | .ṯn, .tn | .sn, .w3 | |||
enclitic (‘dependent’) pronouns | singular | wj, w | ṯw, tw | ṯn, tn | sw, st | sj, s, st |
plural | n | ṯn, tn | sn, st | |||
stressed (‘independent’) pronouns | singular | jnk | ntk, ṯwt2 | ntṯ, ntt, ṯwt2 | ntf, swt2 | nts, swt2 |
plural | jnn3 | ntṯn, nttn | ntsn | |||
stative (‘pseudoparticiple’) endings | singular | .kw | .tj, .t, .tw3 | ∅, .w | .tj, .t, .tw3 | |
plural | .wn, .wjn | .tjwn, .tjwnj | ∅, .w, .y | |||
proclitic (‘subject form’) pronouns3 | singular | tw.j | tw.k | tw.t | sw | sj, st |
plural | tw.n | tw.tn | st | |||
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Late Egyptian personal pronouns
number | first person | second person | third person | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
masculine | feminine | masculine | feminine | |||
suffix pronouns | singular | ∅, .j | .k, .kw | .t | .f, .fj | .s, .st, .sw |
plural | .n | .tn, .twn | .w, .sn1 | |||
enclitic (‘dependent’) pronouns1 | singular | wj | tw, tj | sw, st | ||
plural | n, wn | twn | sn, st | |||
stressed (‘independent’) pronouns | singular | jnk | mntk, mtwk | mntt, mtwy | mntf | mntst, mntjst |
plural | jnn | mnttn | mntw | |||
stative (‘pseudoparticiple’) endings1 | singular | .kw, .k | .tj, .tw | ∅, .w, .y | .tj, .tw | |
plural | .nw | .tn | ∅, .w, .y | |||
unmarked (later) | ∅, .tw | |||||
proclitic (‘subject form’) pronouns | singular | tw.j | tw.k | tw.t | sw | st, sw |
plural | tw.n | tw.tn | st, sw, swt | |||
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Proper noun
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?
- Thinis [since the Pyramid Texts]
Alternative forms
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of ṯnj
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ṯnj | tnj |
Descendants
- → Ancient Greek: Θίνις (Thínis)
- → Latin: Thinis
- → English: Thinis
- → Latin: Thinis
- Coptic: ⲧⲓⲛ (tin)
Adverb
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interrogative
- where?
Alternative forms
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of ṯnj
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tnj | tnw | tn |
Descendants
- Demotic: tn
- Coptic: ⲑⲱⲛ (thōn)
Verb
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3ae inf.
- (transitive) to lift up, to elevate
- (transitive) to distinguish (+ r: to distinguish (something) from (something else))
- (intransitive) to be(come) distinguished or elevated
Inflection
Conjugation of ṯnj (third weak / 3ae inf. / III. inf.) — base stem: ṯn, geminated stem: ṯnn
infinitival forms | imperative | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
infinitive | negatival complement | complementary infinitive1 | singular | plural |
ṯnt, ṯnj | ṯnw, ṯn | ṯnt, ṯnwt, ṯnyt | ṯn | ṯn, ṯny |
‘pseudoverbal’ forms | |||
---|---|---|---|
stative stem | periphrastic imperfective2 | periphrastic prospective2 | |
ṯn8, ṯnn8 | ḥr ṯnt, ḥr ṯnj | m ṯnt, m ṯnj | r ṯnt, r ṯnj |
suffix conjugation | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
aspect / mood | active | passive | contingent | ||
aspect / mood | active | passive | |||
perfect | ṯn.n | ṯnw, ṯn, ṯny | consecutive | ṯn.jn | active + .tj1, .tw2 |
active + .tj1, .tw2 | |||||
terminative | ṯnt, ṯnyt | ||||
perfective3 | ṯn | active + .tj1, .tw2 | obligative1 | ṯn.ḫr | active + .tj1, .tw2 |
imperfective | ṯn, ṯny | active + .tj1, .tw2 | |||
prospective3 | ṯnw, ṯn, ṯny | ṯnw, ṯn, ṯny | potentialis1 | ṯn.kꜣ | active + .tj1, .tw2 |
active + .tj1, .tw2 | |||||
subjunctive | ṯn, ṯny | active + .tj1, .tw2 |
verbal adjectives | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
aspect / mood | relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms | participles | ||
active | passive | active | passive | |
perfect | ṯn.n | active + .tj1, .tw2 | — | — |
perfective | ṯnw1, ṯny, ṯn | active + .tj1, .tw2 | ṯn | ṯny, ṯn |
imperfective | ṯnn, ṯnny, ṯnnw5 | active + .tj1, .tw2 | ṯnn, ṯnnj6, ṯnny6 | ṯnn, ṯnnw5 |
prospective | ṯnw1, ṯny, ṯn, ṯntj7 | — | ṯnwtj1 4, ṯntj4, ṯnt4 | |
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Alternative forms
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of ṯnj
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tnj |
Derived terms
- sṯnj
- tꜣ-ṯnn
- ṯnw
- ṯnṯꜣt
References
- Loprieno, Antonio (1995) Ancient Egyptian: A Linguistic Introduction, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN
- James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, 94, 381 page 51, 94, 381.
- Hoch, James (1997) Middle Egyptian Grammar, Mississauga: Benben Publications, →ISBN, page 147