ḫꜣtb

ḫꜣtb

Egyptian

Pronunciation

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /xɑtɛb/
  • Conventional anglicization: khateb

Verb

 4-lit.

1. (intransitive, always negated) to have mercy, to take pity (+ jm: to have mercy on, to spare) [Pyramid Texts and Book of the Dead]
   • c. 2289 BCE – 2255 BCE, Pyramid Texts of Pepi I — south wall of the vestibule, spell 542.4:[1]

     ḏḥwtj m ḫꜣtb.k j.msḏw nb [j]t(.j)

     Thoth, show no mercy to anyone who hates my father.

Inflection

Conjugation of ḫꜣtb (quadriliteral / 4-lit. / 4rad.) — base stem: ḫꜣtb

infinitival forms			imperative
infinitive	negatival complement	complementary infinitive1	singular	plural
ḫꜣtb	ḫꜣtbw, ḫꜣtb	ḫꜣtbt	ḫꜣtb	ḫꜣtb

‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem	periphrastic imperfective2		periphrastic prospective2
ḫꜣtb	ḥr ḫꜣtb	m ḫꜣtb	r ḫꜣtb

suffix conjugation
aspect / mood	active	contingent
		aspect / mood	active
perfect	ḫꜣtb.n	consecutive	ḫꜣtb.jn
terminative	ḫꜣtbt
perfective3	ḫꜣtb	obligative	ḫꜣtb.ḫr
imperfective	ḫꜣtb
prospective3	ḫꜣtbw, ḫꜣtb	potentialis	ḫꜣtb.kꜣ
subjunctive	ḫꜣtb

verbal adjectives
aspect / mood	relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms	participles
	active	active	passive
perfect	ḫꜣtb.n	—	—
perfective	ḫꜣtb	ḫꜣtb	ḫꜣtb, ḫꜣtbw5, ḫꜣtby5
imperfective	ḫꜣtb, ḫꜣtby, ḫꜣtbw5	ḫꜣtb, ḫꜣtbj6, ḫꜣtby6	ḫꜣtb, ḫꜣtbw5
prospective	ḫꜣtb, ḫꜣtbtj7	ḫꜣtbwtj1 4, ḫꜣtbtj4, ḫꜣtbt4
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, plural .sn. Only in the masculine singular. Only in the masculine. Only in the feminine.

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of ḫꜣtb  

ḫꜣtb	ḫꜣtb
[Old Kingdom]	[Old Kingdom]

References

• Erman, Adolf; Grapow, Hermann (1926–1961) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN

1. Allen, James (2013) A New Concordance of the Pyramid Texts, volume V, Providence: Brown University, PT 542.4 (Pyr. 1335a), P