ḫnd

ḫnd

Egyptian

Pronunciation

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /xɛnɛd/
  • Conventional anglicization: khened

Verb

 3-lit.

1. (intransitive) to tread [since the Pyramid Texts]
2. (transitive) to tread, especially of foreign lands [since the Pyramid Texts]
3. (intransitive) to walk, to go [Greco-Roman Period]

Inflection

Conjugation of ḫnd (triliteral / 3-lit. / 3rad.) — base stem: ḫnd, geminated stem: ḫndd

infinitival forms			imperative
infinitive	negatival complement	complementary infinitive1	singular	plural
ḫnd	ḫndw, ḫnd	ḫndt	ḫnd	ḫnd

‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem	periphrastic imperfective2		periphrastic prospective2
ḫnd	ḥr ḫnd	m ḫnd	r ḫnd

suffix conjugation
aspect / mood	active	passive	contingent
			aspect / mood	active	passive
perfect	ḫnd.n	ḫndw, ḫnd	consecutive	ḫnd.jn	active + .tj1, .tw2
		active + .tj1, .tw2
terminative	ḫndt
perfective3	ḫnd	active + .tj1, .tw2	obligative	ḫnd.ḫr	active + .tj1, .tw2
imperfective	ḫnd	active + .tj1, .tw2
prospective3	ḫnd	ḫndd	potentialis	ḫnd.kꜣ	active + .tj1, .tw2
		active + .tj1, .tw2
subjunctive	ḫnd	active + .tj1, .tw2

verbal adjectives
aspect / mood	relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms		participles
	active	passive	active	passive
perfect	ḫnd.n	active + .tj1, .tw2	—	—
perfective	ḫnd	active + .tj1, .tw2	ḫnd	ḫnd, ḫndw5, ḫndy5
imperfective	ḫnd, ḫndy, ḫndw5	active + .tj1, .tw2	ḫnd, ḫndj6, ḫndy6	ḫnd, ḫndw5
prospective	ḫnd, ḫndtj7	—	ḫndtj4, ḫndt4
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, plural .sn. Only in the masculine singular. Only in the masculine. Only in the feminine.

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of ḫnd  

ḫnd	ḫnd	ḫnḏ
	[Pyramid Texts]	[Middle Kingdom, Late Period]

Verb

 3-lit.

1. (transitive) to bend (a staff) [Old Kingdom]

Inflection

Conjugation of ḫnd (triliteral / 3-lit. / 3rad.) — base stem: ḫnd, geminated stem: ḫndd

infinitival forms			imperative
infinitive	negatival complement	complementary infinitive1	singular	plural
ḫnd	ḫndw, ḫnd	ḫndt	ḫnd	ḫnd

‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem	periphrastic imperfective2		periphrastic prospective2
ḫnd	ḥr ḫnd	m ḫnd	r ḫnd

suffix conjugation
aspect / mood	active	passive	contingent
			aspect / mood	active	passive
perfect	ḫnd.n	ḫndw, ḫnd	consecutive	ḫnd.jn	active + .tj1, .tw2
		active + .tj1, .tw2
terminative	ḫndt
perfective3	ḫnd	active + .tj1, .tw2	obligative	ḫnd.ḫr	active + .tj1, .tw2
imperfective	ḫnd	active + .tj1, .tw2
prospective3	ḫnd	ḫndd	potentialis	ḫnd.kꜣ	active + .tj1, .tw2
		active + .tj1, .tw2
subjunctive	ḫnd	active + .tj1, .tw2

verbal adjectives
aspect / mood	relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms		participles
	active	passive	active	passive
perfect	ḫnd.n	active + .tj1, .tw2	—	—
perfective	ḫnd	active + .tj1, .tw2	ḫnd	ḫnd, ḫndw5, ḫndy5
imperfective	ḫnd, ḫndy, ḫndw5	active + .tj1, .tw2	ḫnd, ḫndj6, ḫndy6	ḫnd, ḫndw5
prospective	ḫnd, ḫndtj7	—	ḫndtj4, ḫndt4
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, plural .sn. Only in the masculine singular. Only in the masculine. Only in the feminine.

Verb

 3-lit.

1. (transitive, Late Egyptian) to plait, to entwine (mats or wreaths)

Inflection

Conjugation of ḫnd (triliteral / 3-lit. / 3rad.) — base stem: ḫnd, geminated stem: ḫndd

infinitival forms			imperative
infinitive	negatival complement	complementary infinitive1	singular	plural
ḫnd	ḫndw, ḫnd	ḫndt	ḫnd	ḫnd

‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem	periphrastic imperfective2		periphrastic prospective2
ḫnd	ḥr ḫnd	m ḫnd	r ḫnd

suffix conjugation
aspect / mood	active	passive	contingent
			aspect / mood	active	passive
perfect	ḫnd.n	ḫndw, ḫnd	consecutive	ḫnd.jn	active + .tj1, .tw2
		active + .tj1, .tw2
terminative	ḫndt
perfective3	ḫnd	active + .tj1, .tw2	obligative	ḫnd.ḫr	active + .tj1, .tw2
imperfective	ḫnd	active + .tj1, .tw2
prospective3	ḫnd	ḫndd	potentialis	ḫnd.kꜣ	active + .tj1, .tw2
		active + .tj1, .tw2
subjunctive	ḫnd	active + .tj1, .tw2

verbal adjectives
aspect / mood	relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms		participles
	active	passive	active	passive
perfect	ḫnd.n	active + .tj1, .tw2	—	—
perfective	ḫnd	active + .tj1, .tw2	ḫnd	ḫnd, ḫndw5, ḫndy5
imperfective	ḫnd, ḫndy, ḫndw5	active + .tj1, .tw2	ḫnd, ḫndj6, ḫndy6	ḫnd, ḫndw5
prospective	ḫnd, ḫndtj7	—	ḫndtj4, ḫndt4
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, plural .sn. Only in the masculine singular. Only in the masculine. Only in the feminine.

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of ḫnd  

ḫndw

Descendants

• Coptic: ϣⲱⲛⲧ (šōnt)

Noun

 m

1. lower leg or foot

Inflection

Declension of ḫnd (masculine)

singular	ḫnd
dual	ḫndwj
plural	ḫndw

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of ḫnd  

ḫnd	ḫntt
	[Greco-Roman Period]

References

• Erman, Adolf; Grapow, Hermann (1929) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache, volume 3, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, page 312.15–313.20, 313.22–313.23
• Černý, Jaroslav (1976) Coptic Etymological Dictionary, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 246
• James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 316.