ḫbs

ḫbs

See also: HBs and ḥbs

Egyptian

Pronunciation

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /xɛbɛs/
  • Conventional anglicization: khebes

Verb

 3-lit.

1. (transitive) to break up (the soil), especially by ploughing
2. (transitive) to break apart, to destroy (enemies or places)

Usage notes

This verb is almost exclusively found in religious texts.

Inflection

Conjugation of ḫbs (triliteral / 3-lit. / 3rad.) — base stem: ḫbs, geminated stem: ḫbss

infinitival forms			imperative
infinitive	negatival complement	complementary infinitive1	singular	plural
ḫbs	ḫbsw, ḫbs	ḫbst	ḫbs	ḫbs

‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem	periphrastic imperfective2		periphrastic prospective2
ḫbs	ḥr ḫbs	m ḫbs	r ḫbs

suffix conjugation
aspect / mood	active	passive	contingent
			aspect / mood	active	passive
perfect	ḫbs.n	ḫbsw, ḫbs	consecutive	ḫbs.jn	active + .tj1, .tw2
		active + .tj1, .tw2
terminative	ḫbst
perfective3	ḫbs	active + .tj1, .tw2	obligative	ḫbs.ḫr	active + .tj1, .tw2
imperfective	ḫbs	active + .tj1, .tw2
prospective3	ḫbs	ḫbss	potentialis	ḫbs.kꜣ	active + .tj1, .tw2
		active + .tj1, .tw2
subjunctive	ḫbs	active + .tj1, .tw2

verbal adjectives
aspect / mood	relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms		participles
	active	passive	active	passive
perfect	ḫbs.n	active + .tj1, .tw2	—	—
perfective	ḫbs	active + .tj1, .tw2	ḫbs	ḫbs, ḫbsw5, ḫbsy5
imperfective	ḫbs, ḫbsy, ḫbsw5	active + .tj1, .tw2	ḫbs, ḫbsj6, ḫbsy6	ḫbs, ḫbsw5
prospective	ḫbs, ḫbstj7	—	ḫbstj4, ḫbst4
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, plural .sn. Only in the masculine singular. Only in the masculine. Only in the feminine.

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of ḫbs  

ḫbs	ḫbs

Verb

 3-lit.

1. (transitive, of hippopotamus hunters) to plough through (water) [Greco-Roman Period]

Inflection

Conjugation of ḫbs (triliteral / 3-lit. / 3rad.) — base stem: ḫbs, geminated stem: ḫbss

infinitival forms			imperative
infinitive	negatival complement	complementary infinitive1	singular	plural
ḫbs	ḫbsw, ḫbs	ḫbst	ḫbs	ḫbs

‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem	periphrastic imperfective2		periphrastic prospective2
ḫbs	ḥr ḫbs	m ḫbs	r ḫbs

suffix conjugation
aspect / mood	active	passive	contingent
			aspect / mood	active	passive
perfect	ḫbs.n	ḫbsw, ḫbs	consecutive	ḫbs.jn	active + .tj1, .tw2
		active + .tj1, .tw2
terminative	ḫbst
perfective3	ḫbs	active + .tj1, .tw2	obligative	ḫbs.ḫr	active + .tj1, .tw2
imperfective	ḫbs	active + .tj1, .tw2
prospective3	ḫbs	ḫbss	potentialis	ḫbs.kꜣ	active + .tj1, .tw2
		active + .tj1, .tw2
subjunctive	ḫbs	active + .tj1, .tw2

verbal adjectives
aspect / mood	relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms		participles
	active	passive	active	passive
perfect	ḫbs.n	active + .tj1, .tw2	—	—
perfective	ḫbs	active + .tj1, .tw2	ḫbs	ḫbs, ḫbsw5, ḫbsy5
imperfective	ḫbs, ḫbsy, ḫbsw5	active + .tj1, .tw2	ḫbs, ḫbsj6, ḫbsy6	ḫbs, ḫbsw5
prospective	ḫbs, ḫbstj7	—	ḫbstj4, ḫbst4
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, plural .sn. Only in the masculine singular. Only in the masculine. Only in the feminine.

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of ḫbs  

ḫbs

Noun

 m

1. (usually in the plural) ploughland

Inflection

Declension of ḫbs (masculine)

singular	ḫbs
dual	ḫbswj
plural	ḫbsw

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of ḫbs  

ḫbsw

in the plural

Noun

 m

1. violence [Late Period to Greco-Roman Period]

References

• Erman, Adolf; Grapow, Hermann (1929) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache, volume 3, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, page 256.1–256.10, 256.13–256.16
• Faulkner, Raymond (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN, page 187–188