ḏd

ḏd

See also: dd, Dd, DD, -dd, d.d., .dd, D.D., and D&D

Egyptian

Pronunciation

 

• (reconstructed) IPA^(key): /cʼaːtʼ/ → /t͡ʃʼaːʔ/ → /t͡ʃʼoːʔ/

• (Old Egyptian, c. 2500 BCE) IPA^(key): /cʼaːtʼ/ (infinitive); IPA^(key): /ˈcʼitʼnu/ (perfect relative form)[1]
• (Middle Egyptian, c. 1700 BCE) IPA^(key): /t͡ʃʼaːʔ/ (infinitive), with unexpected sound change /tʼ/ → /t/ (→ /ʔ/)
• (Late Egyptian, c. 800 BCE) IPA^(key): /t͡ʃʼoːʔ/ (infinitive)

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /d͡ʒɛd/
  • Conventional anglicization: djed

Verb

 2-lit.

1. (transitive) to say, speak
   • 12th Dynasty, Stela of Amenemhat, British Museum, Egyptian Antiquities, E567:

     ḏd.t(w) n.f jjw m ḥtp jn wrw nw ꜣbḏw

     May “welcome in peace” be said to him by the great of Abydos.

   • 12th Dynasty, Sinuhe (Berlin 3022 text), 23, :

     […] ḏd.n.j dpt mwt nn […]

     […] I said “this is the taste of death.” […]

Inflection

Conjugation of ḏd (biliteral / 2-lit. / 2rad.) — base stem: ḏd, geminated stem: ḏdd

infinitival forms			imperative
infinitive	negatival complement	complementary infinitive1	singular	plural
ḏd	ḏdw, ḏd	ḏdt	ḏd, j.ḏd	ḏd, j.ḏd

‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem	periphrastic imperfective2		periphrastic prospective2
ḏd	ḥr ḏd	m ḏd	r ḏd

suffix conjugation
aspect / mood	active	passive	contingent
			aspect / mood	active	passive
perfect	ḏd.n	ḏdw, ḏd	consecutive	ḏd.jn	active + .tj1, .tw2
		active + .tj1, .tw2
terminative	ḏdt
perfective3	ḏd	active + .tj1, .tw2	obligative	ḏd.ḫr	active + .tj1, .tw2
imperfective	ḏd, j.ḏd1	active + .tj1, .tw2
prospective3	ḏd	ḏdd	potentialis	ḏd.kꜣ	active + .tj1, .tw2
		active + .tj1, .tw2
subjunctive	ḏd, j.ḏd1	active + .tj1, .tw2

verbal adjectives
aspect / mood	relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms		participles
	active	passive	active	passive
perfect	ḏd.n	active + .tj1, .tw2	—	—
perfective	ḏd	active + .tj1, .tw2	ḏd	ḏdd, ḏddj6, ḏd2, ḏdw2 5, ḏdy2 5
imperfective	j.ḏd1, ḏd, ḏdy, ḏdw5	active + .tj1, .tw2	j.ḏd1, j.ḏdw1 5, ḏd, ḏdj6, ḏdy6	ḏd, ḏdw5
prospective	ḏd, ḏdtj7	—	ḏdtj4, ḏdt4
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, plural .sn. Only in the masculine singular. Only in the masculine. Only in the feminine.

Derived terms

• sḏd
• ḏd-ḥr

Noun

 m

1. speech, speaking

Inflection

Declension of ḏd (masculine)

singular	ḏd
dual	ḏdwj
plural	ḏdw

Derived terms

• ḏd-mdw

Descendants

• Coptic: ϫⲱ (jō)

Noun

 m

1. stability

Derived terms

• ḏj ꜥnḫ ḏd wꜣs

References

• James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 233.

1. Loprieno, Antonio (1995) Ancient Egyptian: A Linguistic Introduction, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 37, 53