bestia

bestia

See also: Bestia, bestía, bestią, and bèstia

Aragonese

Etymology

From Latin bēstia (“animal, beast”).

Noun

bestia f (plural bestias)

1. beast

References

• Bal Palazios, Santiago (2002), “bestia”, in Dizionario breu de a luenga aragonesa, Zaragoza, →ISBN

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Catalan

Etymology

bes- +‎ tia

Pronunciation

• (Balearic, Central) IPA^(key): /bəsˈti.ə/
• (Valencian) IPA^(key): /besˈti.a/

Noun

bestia f (plural besties)

1. great-aunt

See also

• besoncle

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Italian

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin bēstia. Cognate to biscia, which is not borrowed but inherited.

Pronunciation

• (Tuscany) IPA^(key): /ˈbe.stja/
  • Rhymes: -estja
  • Hyphenation: bé‧stia
• (central Italy, Rome) IPA^(key): /ˈbɛ.stja/[1]
  • Rhymes: -ɛstja
  • Hyphenation: bè‧stia

Noun

bestia f (plural bestie)

1. beast
   • 13^th century, “ⅬⅩⅩⅩⅡ. De’ Pagoni [82. About Peacocks]”, in Trattato dell'agricoltura [Treatise On Agriculture]‎, translation of Opus ruralium commodorum libri Ⅻ by Pietro De' Crescenzi, published 1605, page 474:

     Il nido si dee lor fare sotto tetto, e da terra levato, acciocchè serpente o bestia, andar non vi possa

     Their nest is to be made under a canopy, and above ground, so that no snake or [other] animal can get to it

Derived terms

• bestia da soma

Related terms

• bestiale
• bestiario
• biscia

Descendants

• → Romanian: bestie
• → Serbo-Croatian:

  Cyrillic: бѐштија, бе̏стија

  Latin: bèštija, bȅstija

References

1. bestia in Luciano Canepari, Dizionario di Pronuncia Italiana (DiPI)

Anagrams

• basite, beasti

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Latin

Etymology

The origin is unknown. A Proto-Indo-European preform *dʰwēstiā has been proposed, from the root *dʰwēs- (“to breathe”) (compare Gothic 𐌳𐌹𐌿𐍃 (dius) from *dʰews- (“to breathe”); more at English deer), but this is uncertain, since an initial f- would be expected in Latin.

Pronunciation

• bēstia: (Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈbeːs.ti.a/, [ˈbeːs̠t̪iä]
• bēstia: (Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈbes.ti.a/, [ˈbɛst̪iä]
• bēstiā: (Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈbeːs.ti.aː/, [ˈbeːs̠t̪iäː]
• bēstiā: (Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈbes.ti.a/, [ˈbɛst̪iä]

Noun

bēstia f (genitive bēstiae); first declension

1. a beast
   • 405 CE, Jerome, Vulgate Proverbs 30:30:

     Leō fortissimus bēstiārum ad nūllīus pavēbit occursum.

     A lion, the strongest of beasts, who hath no fear of any thing he meeteth (Douay-Rheims trans., Challoner rev.)

Declension

First-declension noun.

Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	bēstia	bēstiae
Genitive	bēstiae	bēstiārum
Dative	bēstiae	bēstiīs
Accusative	bēstiam	bēstiās
Ablative	bēstiā	bēstiīs
Vocative	bēstia	bēstiae

Synonyms

• bēlua

Derived terms

• bēstiālis
• bēstiārius (“involving wild beasts; person who fights with wild beasts in the arena”)
• bēstiola (“a little creature or beast”)

 

Descendants

• ⇒ Vulgar Latin: bīstia
  • → Albanian: bishë
  • Emilian: bìsa, béssa
  • Istriot: bies'cia
  • Italian: biscia
  • Old French: bisse, biche
    • Middle French: biche
      • French: biche
  • Old Portuguese: bescha
    • Galician: bicha
    • Portuguese: bicha
      • Kabuverdianu: bitchu
  • Old Spanish:
    • Spanish: bicho, bicha
  • Rhaeto-Romance:
    • Friulian: bis, bise
  • Romagnol: bèsa
  • Venetian: bisa, bìsa
• → Aragonese: bestia
• → Asturian: bestia
• → Czech: bestie
• → Friulian: bestie
• → German: Bestie
• → Italian: bestia
  • → Romanian: bestie
  • → Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic: бѐштија, бе̏стија

    Latin: bèštija, bȅstija

• → Old French: beste
  • Middle French: beste
    • French: bête
  • Gallo: bestt
  • Norman: baête (Cotentin), beyte (Pays de Caux, Pays de Rouen), beet (Sark)
  • → Middle Dutch: beest
    • Dutch: beest
      • Afrikaans: bees
      • Jersey Dutch: bêst, beîśe
      • Negerhollands: beest
      • → Papiamentu: bichi
      • → Sranan Tongo: beist
    • → Middle Low German: best
      • Low German: Beest
      • → Danish: bæst
      • → German: Biest
      • → Norwegian:
        • Norwegian Bokmål: beist, best
        • Norwegian Nynorsk: beist
      • → Swedish: best
  • → Middle English: beeste, beste, beest, best, beast
    • English: beast
    • Scots: beast
    • Yola: beast
• → Old Irish: píast, péist
  • Middle Irish: péist
    • Irish: péist
    • Manx: beisht
    • Scottish Gaelic: bèist
• → Old Occitan:
  • Catalan: bèstia
  • Occitan: bèstia
• → Old Portuguese: besta, bestia
  • Galician: besta
  • Portuguese: besta
• → Polish: bestia
• → Romansch: bestga, biestg, bestia, bes-cha
• → Russian: бестия (bestija)
• Sicilian: vestia
• → Slovak: beštia
• → Spanish: bestia
  • Papiamentu: bestia
• → Venetian: bestia
• → Yiddish: בעסטיע‎ (bestye)

References

• “bestia”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “bestia”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• bestia in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• bestia in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette
• “bestia”, in William Smith, editor (1848) A Dictionary of Greek Biography and Mythology, London: John Murray
• De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “bestia”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 71
• Ernout, Alfred; Meillet, Antoine (1985), “bestia”, in Dictionnaire étymologique de la langue latine: histoire des mots (in French), with additions and corrections of Jacques André, 4th edition, Paris: Klincksieck, published 2001, page 69b
• Walde, Alois; Hofmann, Johann Baptist (1938), “bestia”, in Lateinisches etymologisches Wörterbuch (in German), volume I, 3rd edition, Heidelberg: Carl Winter, page 102
• Pokorny, Julius (1959) Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 1, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 269

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Old Portuguese

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈbes̺.tja/

Noun

bestia f

1. Alternative form of besta

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Papiamentu

Etymology

From Portuguese besta and Spanish bestia.

Noun

bestia

1. beast
2. animal

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Polish

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin bēstia.[1]

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈbɛs.tja/

• Audio

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɛstja
• Syllabification: bes‧tia

Noun

bestia f (diminutive bestyjka)

1. beast (non-human animal)

   Synonym: zwierz

2. (figuratively) beast (a person who behaves in a violent, antisocial or uncivilized manner)

   Synonym: zwyrodnialec

Declension

Declension of bestia

	singular	plural
nominative	bestia	bestie
genitive	bestii	bestii/bestyj (archaic)
dative	bestii	bestiom
accusative	bestię	bestie
instrumental	bestią	bestiami
locative	bestii	bestiach
vocative	bestio	bestie

Derived terms

adjectives

• bestialny
• bestialski

 

adverb

• bestialsko

 

nouns

• bestializm
• bestialność
• bestialstwo
• bestiarium
• bestiariusz
• bestyjnik

 

verbs

• bestwić impf, zbestwić pf
• rozbestwiać impf, rozbestwić pf

 

References

1. Brückner, Aleksander (1927), “bestia”, in Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego [Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language] (in Polish), Warsaw: Wiedza Powszechna

Further reading

• bestia in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
• bestia in Polish dictionaries at PWN

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Romanian

Noun

bestia

1. definite nominative/accusative singular of bestie

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Romansch

Alternative forms

• (Rumantsch Grischun, Sursilvan) biestg
• (Rumantsch Grischun, Sursilvan) bestga
• (Puter, Vallader) bes-cha

Etymology

From Latin bēstia.

Noun

bestia f (plural bestias)

1. (Sursilvan) animal

Synonyms

• (Rumantsch Grischun, Sursilvan, Sutsilvan, Surmiran, Vallader) animal
• (Sursilvan) tier

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Spanish

Etymology

Probably borrowed from Latin bēstia. Compare English beast.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈbestja/ [ˈbes.t̪ja]

• Audio (Spain)

  (file)

• Rhymes: -estja
• Syllabification: bes‧tia

Noun

bestia f (plural bestias)

1. beast
2. animal
3. (derogatory) brute (person who acts stupidly)

Hyponyms

• bestia de carga

Derived terms

• a lo bestia
• bestia negra
• como bestias
• como una bestia

 

Related terms

• bestial
• bestiario

Descendants

• Papiamentu: bestia

Further reading

• “bestia”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014

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Venetian

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin bestia. Doublet of bìsa.

Noun

bestia f (plural bestie)

1. animal
2. beast
3. insect