আছ-
Bengali
Etymology
Inherited from Prakrit 𑀅𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀤𑀺 (acchadi, “to remain”), from Ashokan Prakrit 𑀅𑀙𑀢𑀺 (achati, “to stay, live”), from Sanskrit आक्षेति (ākṣeti), a compound of आ- (ā-) + क्षेति (kṣeti, “to live”), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *ṭṣáyti, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ćšáyti, from Proto-Indo-European *tḱéyti (“to live”), from *teḱ- (“to sire, beget”) + *-éyti (present suffix).
Cognate with Assamese আছে (ase), Gujarati છે (che), Hindi अछना (achnā) / Urdu اَچْھنا, Sylheti ꠀꠍꠦ (asé).
Verb
আছ- • (ach-)
- to have; to possess
- আমার একটা কুকুর আছে।
- amar ekôṭa kukur ache.
- I have a dog.
- তার অনেক বন্ধু ছিল।
- tar ônek bôndhu chil.
- He/she had many friends.
- there be; to exist
- ওদের গাড়ীতে অনেক জায়গা ছিল।
- oder gaṛīte ônek jayôga chil.
- There was lots of room in their car.
- এখানে কি কোনো নিয়ম কানুন আছে?
- ekhane ki kono niyômô kanun ache?
- Are there any rules around here?
- to be (somewhere)
- আমি বাড়িতে আছি।
- ami baṛitôe achi.
- I am at home.
- তুমি কোথায় ছিলে?
- tumi kothay chile?
- Where were you?
- to be (in a state)
- সে কেমন আছে?
- se kemônô ache?
- How is he/she?
- ঘরটা পরিষ্কার ছিল?
- ghôrṭa pôriṣkar chil?
- Was the room clean?
Usage notes
আছ- (ach-) is an irregular verb that isn't used in all tenses.
In the present tense, আছ- (ach-) is often omitted. It is only required in questions formed using sense 2 and in certain fixed expressions such as:
- কেমন আছো? ― kemônô acho? ― how are you?
- ভালো আছি ― bhalo achi ― I am well
- ঠিক আছে ― ṭhik ache ― it's okay
The negative form of আছ- (ach-) in the present tense is নেই (nei) (or নাই (nai) in many dialects).
In the past tense, আছ- (ach-) is required and cannot be dropped (unless another word clearly specifies the time frame). Its negative form is the regular আছ- না (ach- na).
In the future tense (and all other tenses), থাকা (thaka) is used instead of আছ- (ach-).
Conjugation
| verbal noun | থাকা (thaka) |
|---|---|
| infinitive | থাকতে (thakte) |
| progressive participle | থাকতে-থাকতে (thakte-thakte) |
| conditional participle | থাকলে (thakle) |
| perfect participle | থেকে (theke) |
| habitual participle | থেকে-থেকে (theke-theke) |
| 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| very familiar | familiar | familiar | polite | |||
| singular | আমি (ami) | তুই (tui) | তুমি (tumi) | এ (e), ও (o), সে (she) | আপনি (apni) | ইনি (ini), উনি (uni), তিনি (tini) |
| plural | আমরা (amra) | তোরা (tora) | তোমরা (tomra) | এরা (era), ওরা (ora), তারা (tara) | আপনারা (apnara) | এঁরা (ẽra), ওঁরা (õra), তাঁরা (tãra) |
| simple present | আছি (achi) | আছিস (achish) | আছো (acho) | আছে (ache) | আছেন (achen) | |
| present continuous | থাকছি (thakchi) | থাকছিস (thakchish) | থাকছ (thakcho) | থাকছে (thakche) | থাকছেন (thakchen) | |
| present perfect | থেকেছি (thekechi) | থেকেছিস (thekechish) | থেকেছ (thekecho) | থেকেছে (thekeche) | থেকেছেন (thekechen) | |
| simple past | ছিলাম (chilam) | ছিলি (chili) | ছিলে (chile) | ছিল (chilo) | ছিলেন (chilen) | |
| past continuous | থাকছিলাম (thakchilam) | থাকছিলি (thakchili) | থাকছিলে (thakchile) | থাকছিল (thakchilo) | থাকছিলেন (thakchilen) | |
| past perfect | থেকেছিলাম (thekechilam) | থেকেছিলি (thekechili) | থেকেছিলে (thekechile) | থেকেছিল (thekechilo) | থেকেছিলেন (thekechilen) | |
| habitual/conditional past | থাকতাম (thaktam) | থাকতি (thakti) | থাকতে (thakte) | থাকত (thakto) | থাকতেন (thakten) | |
| future | থাকব (thakbo) | থাকবি (thakbi) | থাকবে (thakbe) | থাকবে (thakbe) | থাকবেন (thakben) | |