ह्यस्
Sanskrit
Alternative scripts
Alternative scripts
- ᬳ᭄ᬬᬲ᭄ (Balinese script)
- হ্যস্ (Assamese script)
- হ্যস্ (Bengali script)
- 𑰮𑰿𑰧𑰭𑰿 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀳𑁆𑀬𑀲𑁆 (Brahmi script)
- 𑌹𑍍𑌯𑌸𑍍 (Grantha script)
- હ્યસ્ (Gujarati script)
- ਹੑਯਸੑ (Gurmukhi script)
- ꦲꦾꦱ꧀ (Javanese script)
- ហ្យស៑ (Khmer script)
- ಹ್ಯಸ್ (Kannada script)
- ຫ຺ຍສ຺ (Lao script)
- ഹ്യസ് (Malayalam script)
- 𑘮𑘿𑘧𑘭𑘿 (Modi script)
- ᠾᠶ᠋ᠠᠰ (Mongolian script)
- ᡥᠶᠠᠰ᠌ (Manchu script)
- ဟျသ် (Burmese script)
- 𑧎𑧠𑧇𑧍𑧠 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐴𑑂𑐫𑐳𑑂 (Newa script)
- ହ୍ଯସ୍ (Oriya script)
- ꢲ꣄ꢫꢱ꣄ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆲𑇀𑆪𑆱𑇀 (Sharada script)
- 𑖮𑖿𑖧𑖭𑖿 (Siddham script)
- හ්යස් (Sinhalese script)
- హ్యస్ (Telugu script)
- หฺยสฺ (Thai script)
- ཧྱ་ས྄ (Tibetan script)
- 𑒯𑓂𑒨𑒮𑓂 (Tirhuta script)
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́ʰyás (“yesterday”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰǵʰyés (“yeserday”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬰𐬫𐬋 (zyō), Ancient Greek χθές (khthés), Latin herī, English yesterday, Old Persian 𐎮𐎹𐎣 (di-y-k /diya(-ka)/) (whence Persian دیروز (di-ruz)).
Pronunciation
- (Vedic) IPA(key): /ɦi.jɐ́s/
- (Classical) IPA(key): /ɦjɐs̪/
Adverb
ह्यस् • (hyás) (metrical Vedic hiyás)
- yesterday
- c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 8.99.1:
- त्वामिदा ह्यो नरोऽपीप्यन्वज्रिन्भूर्णयः। स इन्द्र स्तोमवाहसामिह श्रुध्युप स्वसरमा गहि ॥
- tvāmidā hyo naroʼpīpyanvajrinbhūrṇayaḥ. sa indra stomavāhasāmiha śrudhyupa svasaramā gahi .
- O thunderer, your worshippers, zealous worshippers made you drink [Soma] this time yesterday; listen, Indra, here to us who offer you praise; and come you to our dwelling.
- त्वामिदा ह्यो नरोऽपीप्यन्वज्रिन्भूर्णयः। स इन्द्र स्तोमवाहसामिह श्रुध्युप स्वसरमा गहि ॥
- c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 10.55.5:
- देवस्य पश्य काव्यं महित्वाद्या ममार स ह्यः समान ॥
- devasya paśya kāvyaṃ mahitvādyā mamāra sa hyaḥ samāna .
- Behold the Gods’ high wisdom in its greatness: he who died yesterday is living today.
- देवस्य पश्य काव्यं महित्वाद्या ममार स ह्यः समान ॥
Descendants
- Dardic:
- Kashmiri:
- Arabic: یَوٕ (yavụ)
- Devanagari: यव (yaw)
- Kashmiri:
- Helu:
- Dhivehi: އިއްޔެ (iyye)
- Sinhalese: ඊයේ (īyē)
- Pali: hiyyo
- Prakrit: 𑀳𑀺𑀚𑁆𑀚𑁄 (hijjo), 𑀳𑀺𑀑 (hio)
- Helu:
- Dhivehi: އިއްޔެ (iyye)
- Sinhalese: ඊයේ (īyē)
- Khasa Prakrit:
- Nepali: हिजो (hijo)
- Sauraseni Prakrit:
- Romani: idž, ič, iž, jič, jidž
- Helu:
- → Hindi: ह्यः (hyaḥ)
References
- Monier Williams (1899), “ह्यस्”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, OCLC 458052227, page 1306.
- Hellwig, Oliver (2010-2023), “hyas”, in DCS - The Digital Corpus of Sanskrit, Berlin, Germany.
- Apte, Vaman Shivram (1890), “ह्यस्”, in The practical Sanskrit-English dictionary, Poona: Prasad Prakashan, page 1767
- Arthur Anthony Macdonell (1893), “ह्यस्”, in A practical Sanskrit dictionary with transliteration, accentuation, and etymological analysis throughout, London: Oxford University Press, page 381
- Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985), “hiyás”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 815