हृदय
Hindi
हृदय
Alternative forms
- हृदा (hŕdā)
Etymology
Borrowed from Sanskrit हृदय (hṛ́daya), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *źʰŕ̥dayam, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́ʰŕ̥dayam, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱḗr. Doublet of दिल (dil) and हिया (hiyā).
Pronunciation
- (Delhi Hindi) IPA(key): /ɦɾɪ.d̪əj/, /ɦɪɾ.d̪əj/
Noun
हृदय • (hŕday) m (Urdu spelling ہردی)
- (anatomy) heart
- रोगी काहृदय अभी भी धड़क रहा है।
- rogī kā hŕday abhī bhī dhaṛak rahā hai.
- The patient's heart is still beating.
- मेरा बाप काहृदय बहुत दुर्बल है।
- merā bāp kā hŕday bahut durbal hai.
- My father has a very weak heart.
- उसकी वाणी ने मेरेहृदय को छू दिया।
- uskī vāṇī ne mere hŕday ko chū diyā.
- His speech touched my heart.
Declension
Declension of हृदय (masc cons-stem)
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| direct | हृदय hŕday | हृदय hŕday |
| oblique | हृदय hŕday | हृदयों hŕdayõ |
| vocative | हृदय hŕday | हृदयो hŕdayo |
Synonyms
- दिल (dil), हिया (hiyā)
Derived terms
- हृदयाघात (hŕdyāghāt, “heart attack”)
- हृदयकंप (hŕdaykamp, “palpitation, heart-throb”)
- हृदयग्राही (hŕdyagrāhī, “captivating, charming”)
- हृदयहीन (hŕdayhīn, “dry, hard-hearted, unfeeling”)
- विदीर्णहृदय (vidīrṇahŕday, “heartbroken”)
- मृदुलहृदय (mŕdulhŕday, “tender-hearted, gentle”)
References
- Bahri, Hardev (1989), “हृदय”, in Siksarthi Hindi-Angrejhi Sabdakosa [Learners' Hindi-English Dictionary], Delhi: Rajpal & Sons.
- Caturvedi, Mahendra; Bhola Nath Tiwari (1970), “हृदय”, in A practical Hindi-English dictionary, Delhi: National Publishing House
Marathi
हृदय
Etymology
Borrowed from Sanskrit हृदय (hṛdaya)
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /ɦɾu.d̪əj/
Noun
हृदय • (hruday) n
- (anatomy) heart
- Synonym: काळीज (kāḷīj)
Derived terms
- हृदय विकाराचा झटका (hruday vikārācā jhaṭkā, “heart attack”)
- हृदयहीन (hrudayhīn, “dry, hard-hearted”)
Nepali
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ɾid̪ʌe]
- Phonetic Devanagari: रिदए
Noun
हृदय • (hr̥daya)
- heart
See also
- मुटु (muṭu)
Sanskrit
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-Aryan *źʰŕ̥dayam, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́ʰŕ̥dayam, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱr̥d-, oblique case stem of *ḱḗr (“heart”).
Cognate with Avestan 𐬰𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬛 (zərəd); Ancient Greek καρδίᾱ (kardíā) → English cardiac; Hittite 𒆠𒅕 (kir), Old Church Slavonic срьдьцє (srĭdĭce), Lithuanian širdìs; Latin cors, cord- → English cordial; Old English heorte (whence English heart).
Pronunciation
- (Vedic) IPA(key): /ɦŕ̩.dɐ.jɐ/
- (Classical) IPA(key): /ˈɦr̩.d̪ɐ.jɐ/
Noun
हृदय • (hṛ́daya) n
- the heart
- RV 6.53.8c
- यां पूषन्ब्रह्मचोदनीमारां बिभर्ष्याघृणे।
तया समस्य हृदयमा रिख किकिरा कृणु॥- yāṃ pūṣanbrahmacodanīmārāṃ bibharṣyāghṛṇe.
tayā samasya hṛdayamā rikha kikirā kṛṇu. - Thou, glowing Pūṣan, carriest an awl that urgeth men to prayer;
Therewith dost thou tear up and rend to shreds the heart of every one.
- yāṃ pūṣanbrahmacodanīmārāṃ bibharṣyāghṛṇe.
- RV 6.53.8c
- soul, mind, spirit (as the seat of mental operations)
- RV 6.9.6b
- वि मे कर्णा पतयतो वि चक्षुर्वीदं ज्योतिर्हृदय आहितं यत्।
वि मे मनश्चरति दूरआधीः किं स्विद्वक्ष्यामि किमु नू मनिष्ये॥- vi me karṇā patayato vi cakṣurvīdaṃ jyotirhṛdaya āhitaṃ yat.
vi me manaścarati dūraādhīḥ kiṃ svidvakṣyāmi kimu nū maniṣye. - Mine ears unclose to hear, mine eye to see him; the light that harbours in my spirit broadens.
Far roams my mind whose thoughts are in the distance. What shall I speak, what shall I now imagine?
- vi me karṇā patayato vi cakṣurvīdaṃ jyotirhṛdaya āhitaṃ yat.
- RV 6.9.6b
- the heart or interior of the body
- (figuratively) the heart, center, core, essence, or best or dearest or most secret part of anything
- (figuratively) true or divine knowledge
- (figuratively) the Vedas
- (figuratively) science
Declension
| Neuter a-stem declension of हृदय (hṛ́daya) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| Nominative | हृदयम् hṛ́dayam | हृदये hṛ́daye | हृदयानि / हृदया¹ hṛ́dayāni / hṛ́dayā¹ |
| Vocative | हृदय hṛ́daya | हृदये hṛ́daye | हृदयानि / हृदया¹ hṛ́dayāni / hṛ́dayā¹ |
| Accusative | हृदयम् hṛ́dayam | हृदये hṛ́daye | हृदयानि / हृदया¹ hṛ́dayāni / hṛ́dayā¹ |
| Instrumental | हृदयेन hṛ́dayena | हृदयाभ्याम् hṛ́dayābhyām | हृदयैः / हृदयेभिः¹ hṛ́dayaiḥ / hṛ́dayebhiḥ¹ |
| Dative | हृदयाय hṛ́dayāya | हृदयाभ्याम् hṛ́dayābhyām | हृदयेभ्यः hṛ́dayebhyaḥ |
| Ablative | हृदयात् hṛ́dayāt | हृदयाभ्याम् hṛ́dayābhyām | हृदयेभ्यः hṛ́dayebhyaḥ |
| Genitive | हृदयस्य hṛ́dayasya | हृदययोः hṛ́dayayoḥ | हृदयानाम् hṛ́dayānām |
| Locative | हृदये hṛ́daye | हृदययोः hṛ́dayayoḥ | हृदयेषु hṛ́dayeṣu |
| Notes |
| ||
Descendants
- Prakrit: 𑀳𑀺𑀅𑀅 (hiaa), 𑀳𑀟𑀓 (haḍaka), 𑀳𑀟𑀓𑁆𑀓 (haḍakka)
- Assamese: হিয়া (hia)
- Bengali: হিয়া (hiya)
- Hindi: हिया (hiyā)
- Magadhi Prakrit: 𑀳𑀮𑀅 (halaa)
- Paisaci Prakrit: 𑀳𑀺𑀢𑀅 (hitaa), 𑀳𑀺𑀢𑀧 (hitapa)
- Gandhari: 𐨱𐨁𐨡𐨩 (hidaya)
- → Old Marathi: हृदा (hṛdā)
- Pali: hadaya
- → Lao: ຫະໄທ (ha thai)
- → Thai: หทัย
- Punjabi: ਹਿਰਦਾ (hirdā), ਹੀਆ (hīā)
- Romani: ilo
- → Assamese: হৃদয় (hridoy)
- → Bengali: হৃদয় (hŕdôyô)
- → Hindi: हृदय (hŕday), हृदा (hŕdā)
- → Tamil: இதயம் (itayam)
- → Telugu: హృదయము (hr̥dayamu)
- → Thai: หฤทัย (hà-rʉ́-tai)
Adjective
हृदय • (hṛ́daya)
- going to the heart
- (by extension) inward
Declension
| Masculine a-stem declension of हृदय | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Nom. sg. | हृदयः (hṛdayaḥ) | ||
| Gen. sg. | हृदयस्य (hṛdayasya) | ||
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| Nominative | हृदयः (hṛdayaḥ) | हृदयौ (hṛdayau) | हृदयाः (hṛdayāḥ) |
| Vocative | हृदय (hṛdaya) | हृदयौ (hṛdayau) | हृदयाः (hṛdayāḥ) |
| Accusative | हृदयम् (hṛdayam) | हृदयौ (hṛdayau) | हृदयान् (hṛdayān) |
| Instrumental | हृदयेन (hṛdayena) | हृदयाभ्याम् (hṛdayābhyām) | हृदयैः (hṛdayaiḥ) |
| Dative | हृदयाय (hṛdayāya) | हृदयाभ्याम् (hṛdayābhyām) | हृदयेभ्यः (hṛdayebhyaḥ) |
| Ablative | हृदयात् (hṛdayāt) | हृदयाभ्याम् (hṛdayābhyām) | हृदयेभ्यः (hṛdayebhyaḥ) |
| Genitive | हृदयस्य (hṛdayasya) | हृदययोः (hṛdayayoḥ) | हृदयानाम् (hṛdayānām) |
| Locative | हृदये (hṛdaye) | हृदययोः (hṛdayayoḥ) | हृदयेषु (hṛdayeṣu) |
| Feminine ā-stem declension of हृदय | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Nom. sg. | हृदया (hṛdayā) | ||
| Gen. sg. | हृदयायाः (hṛdayāyāḥ) | ||
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| Nominative | हृदया (hṛdayā) | हृदये (hṛdaye) | हृदयाः (hṛdayāḥ) |
| Vocative | हृदये (hṛdaye) | हृदये (hṛdaye) | हृदयाः (hṛdayāḥ) |
| Accusative | हृदयाम् (hṛdayām) | हृदये (hṛdaye) | हृदयाः (hṛdayāḥ) |
| Instrumental | हृदयया (hṛdayayā) | हृदयाभ्याम् (hṛdayābhyām) | हृदयाभिः (hṛdayābhiḥ) |
| Dative | हृदयायै (hṛdayāyai) | हृदयाभ्याम् (hṛdayābhyām) | हृदयाभ्यः (hṛdayābhyaḥ) |
| Ablative | हृदयायाः (hṛdayāyāḥ) | हृदयाभ्याम् (hṛdayābhyām) | हृदयाभ्यः (hṛdayābhyaḥ) |
| Genitive | हृदयायाः (hṛdayāyāḥ) | हृदययोः (hṛdayayoḥ) | हृदयानाम् (hṛdayānām) |
| Locative | हृदयायाम् (hṛdayāyām) | हृदययोः (hṛdayayoḥ) | हृदयासु (hṛdayāsu) |
| Neuter a-stem declension of हृदय | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Nom. sg. | हृदयम् (hṛdayam) | ||
| Gen. sg. | हृदयस्य (hṛdayasya) | ||
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| Nominative | हृदयम् (hṛdayam) | हृदये (hṛdaye) | हृदयानि (hṛdayāni) |
| Vocative | हृदय (hṛdaya) | हृदये (hṛdaye) | हृदयानि (hṛdayāni) |
| Accusative | हृदयम् (hṛdayam) | हृदये (hṛdaye) | हृदयानि (hṛdayāni) |
| Instrumental | हृदयेन (hṛdayena) | हृदयाभ्याम् (hṛdayābhyām) | हृदयैः (hṛdayaiḥ) |
| Dative | हृदयाय (hṛdayāya) | हृदयाभ्याम् (hṛdayābhyām) | हृदयेभ्यः (hṛdayebhyaḥ) |
| Ablative | हृदयात् (hṛdayāt) | हृदयाभ्याम् (hṛdayābhyām) | हृदयेभ्यः (hṛdayebhyaḥ) |
| Genitive | हृदयस्य (hṛdayasya) | हृदययोः (hṛdayayoḥ) | हृदयानाम् (hṛdayānām) |
| Locative | हृदये (hṛdaye) | हृदययोः (hṛdayayoḥ) | हृदयेषु (hṛdayeṣu) |
References
- “हृदय” in Carl Cappeller, A Sanskrit–English Dictionary: Based upon the St. Petersburg Lexicons, Strasbourg: Karl J. Trübner, 1891, →OCLC, page 666.
- Monier Williams (1899), “हृदय”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, OCLC 458052227, page 1302.
- Arthur Anthony Macdonell (1893), “हृदय”, in A practical Sanskrit dictionary with transliteration, accentuation, and etymological analysis throughout, London: Oxford University Press, page 380
- Horace Hayman Wilson, A dictionary in Sanscrit and English, 2nd ed., Calcutta: Education Press, Circular Road, 1832, page 978
- Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985), “hṛ́daya”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 818