हिङ्गु

हिङ्गु

Sanskrit

Etymology

Borrowed from Proto-Iranian *Hángwr̥, with an unexpected shift from *a to i. Cognate with Khotanese [script needed] (aṃgūṣḍa), Persian انگدان‎ (angodān), انگژد‎ (angožad), Chinese 阿魏. Also borrowed into Chinese 形虞 (MC ɦeŋ ŋɨo).

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /ɦiŋ.ɡú/
• (Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈɦiŋ.ɡu/

Noun

हिङ्गु • (hiṅgú) m[1]

1. asafoetida (Ferula assa-foetida)
   • c. 700 CE – 900 CE, Bhāgavata Purāṇa
2. a kind of liquid made from the roots of asafoetida

Declension

Masculine u-stem declension of हिङ्गु (hiṅgu)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	हिङ्गुः hiṅguḥ	हिङ्गू hiṅgū	हिङ्गवः hiṅgavaḥ
Vocative	हिङ्गो hiṅgo	हिङ्गू hiṅgū	हिङ्गवः hiṅgavaḥ
Accusative	हिङ्गुम् hiṅgum	हिङ्गू hiṅgū	हिङ्गून् hiṅgūn
Instrumental	हिङ्गुना / हिङ्ग्वा¹ hiṅgunā / hiṅgvā¹	हिङ्गुभ्याम् hiṅgubhyām	हिङ्गुभिः hiṅgubhiḥ
Dative	हिङ्गवे / हिङ्ग्वे² hiṅgave / hiṅgve²	हिङ्गुभ्याम् hiṅgubhyām	हिङ्गुभ्यः hiṅgubhyaḥ
Ablative	हिङ्गोः / हिङ्ग्वः² hiṅgoḥ / hiṅgvaḥ²	हिङ्गुभ्याम् hiṅgubhyām	हिङ्गुभ्यः hiṅgubhyaḥ
Genitive	हिङ्गोः / हिङ्ग्वः² hiṅgoḥ / hiṅgvaḥ²	हिङ्ग्वोः hiṅgvoḥ	हिङ्गूनाम् hiṅgūnām
Locative	हिङ्गौ hiṅgau	हिङ्ग्वोः hiṅgvoḥ	हिङ्गुषु hiṅguṣu
Notes	¹Vedic ²Less common

Descendants

• Dardic: [Term?]
  • Kashmiri: [Term?] (/yangi/)
• Gujarati: હિંગ (hiṅg)
• Hindi: हींग (hīṅg)
• Marathi: हिंग (hiṅg)

Borrowed terms

Terms borrowed from हिङ्गु (hiṅgu)

• Chinese: 形虞 (xíngyú)
  • Shan: သိင်းၶူဝ်ႇ (sʰiŋ₄ kʰo₂)
  • Tibetan: ཤིང་ཀུན། (shing kun)
• Dravidian: [Term?]
  • Kannada: ಇಂಗು (iṅgu)
  • Telugu: ఇంగువ (iṅguva)
• Nepali: हिङ (hiṅ)
• Persian: [script needed] (hing)
• Semnani: [script needed] (xing, “sage”), [script needed] (hīng, “asafoetida”) (Afdari)
• Sogdian: [2]

  Buddhist: [script needed] (ʾynkw /inku/)

• Tajik: ("Ferula teterrima")

  Badakhshan: [script needed] (ying), [script needed] (ing)

  Darvoz: [script needed] (hing-i badbuy)

• Wakhi: [script needed] (ying), [script needed] (ing)

References

1. Monier Williams (1899), “हिङ्गु”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, OCLC 458052227, page 1298.
2. Gharib, B. (1995), “ʾynkw”, in Sogdian dictionary: Sogdian–Persian–English, Tehran: Farhangan Publications, page 87b

Further reading

• Sino-Iranica