हस्त

Sanskrit

FWOTD – 28 December 2022

Alternative scripts

ᬳᬲ᭄ᬢ (Balinese script)
হস্ত (Assamese script)
হস্ত (Bengali script)
𑰮𑰭𑰿𑰝 (Bhaiksuki script)
𑀳𑀲𑁆𑀢 (Brahmi script)
𑌹𑌸𑍍𑌤 (Grantha script)
હસ્ત (Gujarati script)
ਹਸੑਤ (Gurmukhi script)
ꦲꦱ꧀ꦠ (Javanese script)
ហស្ត (Khmer script)
ಹಸ್ತ (Kannada script)
ຫສ຺ຕ (Lao script)
ഹസ്ത (Malayalam script)
𑘮𑘭𑘿𑘝 (Modi script)
ᠾᠠᠰᢐᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
ᡥᠠᠰ᠌ᢠᠠ (Manchu script)
ဟသ္တ (Burmese script)
𑧎𑧍𑧠𑦽 (Nandinagari script)
𑐴𑐳𑑂𑐟 (Newa script)
ହସ୍ତ (Oriya script)
ꢲꢱ꣄ꢡ (Saurashtra script)
𑆲𑆱𑇀𑆠 (Sharada script)
𑖮𑖭𑖿𑖝 (Siddham script)
හස්ත (Sinhalese script)
హస్త (Telugu script)
หสฺต (Thai script)
ཧ་སྟ (Tibetan script)
𑒯𑒮𑓂𑒞 (Tirhuta script)

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́ʰástas (“hand”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰes- (“hand”).

Cognate with Old Persian 𐎭𐎿𐎫 (d-s-t /dasta/) (whence modern Persian ‎ (dast)), Avestan 𐬰𐬀𐬯𐬙𐬀‎ (zasta, “hand”), Ancient Greek χείρ (kheír, “hand”), Latin hir (“hand”).

Pronunciation

(Vedic) IPA^(key): /ɦɐ́s.tɐ/
(Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈɦɐs̪.t̪ɐ/

Noun

हस्त • (hásta) m

the hand
- c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 2.33.7:
  क्व स्य ते रुद्र मृळयाकुर्हस्तो यो अस्ति भेषजो जलाषः ।
  kva sya te rudra mṛḷayākurhasto yo asti bheṣajo jalāṣaḥ .
  O Rudra, where is that gracious hand of thine, that giveth health and bringeth comfort?
an elephant's trunk
the forearm (a measure of length from the elbow to the tip of the middle finger)
(astronomy) the 11th (13th) lunar asterism (represented by a hand and containing five stars, identified by some with part of the constellation Corvus)
(prosody) an anapest

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of हस्त (hásta)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	हस्तः hástaḥ	हस्तौ hástau	हस्ताः / हस्तासः¹ hástāḥ / hástāsaḥ¹
Vocative	हस्त hásta	हस्तौ hástau	हस्ताः / हस्तासः¹ hástāḥ / hástāsaḥ¹
Accusative	हस्तम् hástam	हस्तौ hástau	हस्तान् hástān
Instrumental	हस्तेन hástena	हस्ताभ्याम् hástābhyām	हस्तैः / हस्तेभिः¹ hástaiḥ / hástebhiḥ¹
Dative	हस्ताय hástāya	हस्ताभ्याम् hástābhyām	हस्तेभ्यः hástebhyaḥ
Ablative	हस्तात् hástāt	हस्ताभ्याम् hástābhyām	हस्तेभ्यः hástebhyaḥ
Genitive	हस्तस्य hástasya	हस्तयोः hástayoḥ	हस्तानाम् hástānām
Locative	हस्ते háste	हस्तयोः hástayoḥ	हस्तेषु hásteṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Descendants

Dardic:
- Kashmiri: اَتھٕ‎ (athụ)
- Khowar: ھوست‎ (host)
Helu Prakrit:
- Dhivehi: އަތް‎ (at̊), އަތްތިލަ‎ (at̊tila)
- Sinhalese: අත (ata)
Khasa Prakrit:
- Garhwali: हाथ (hāth)
- Nepali: हात (hāt)
Magadhi Prakrit: 𑀳𑀢𑁆𑀣 (hattha), 𑀳𑀰𑁆𑀢 (haśta)
- Bengali-Assamese:
  - Assamese: হাত (hat)
  - Bengali: হাত (hat)
  - Chakma: 𑄦𑄖𑄴
  - Rohingya: hát
  - Sylheti: ꠀꠔ (at)
- Oriya: ହାତ (hatô)
Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀳𑀢𑁆𑀣 (hattha)
Paisaci Prakrit:
- Takka Apabhramsa:
  - Punjabi:
    Gurmukhi: ਹੱਥ (hattha)
    Shahmukhi: ہَتھّ‎ (hathh)
- Vracada Apabhramsa:
  - Kachchi: હથ (hath)
  - Kholosi: hāt
  - Sindhi:
    Sindhi: هَٿُ‎
    Devanagari: हथु
Pali: hattha
- → Khmer: ហត្ថ (hat)
- → Thai: หัตถ์
Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀳𑀢𑁆𑀣 (hattha)
→ Balinese: ᬳᬲ᭄ᬢ (asta)
→ English: hasta
→ Hindi: हस्त (hast)
→ Kannada: ಹಸ್ತ (hasta)
→ Malay: hasta
- Indonesian: hasta
→ Malayalam: ഹസ്തം (hastaṃ)
→ Old Marathi:
Modi: 𑘮𑘭𑘿𑘝 (hasta)
Devanagari: हस्त (hasta)
- → Marathi: हस्त (hasta)
→ Tamil: அஸ்தம் (astam), அத்தம் (attam)
→ Telugu: హస్తము (hastamu)

References

Monier Williams (1899), “हस्त”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, OCLC 458052227, page 1294.
Apte, Vaman Shivram (1890), “हस्त”, in The practical Sanskrit-English dictionary, Poona: Prasad Prakashan
Arthur Anthony Macdonell (1893), “हस्त”, in A practical Sanskrit dictionary with transliteration, accentuation, and etymological analysis throughout, London: Oxford University Press
Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985), “hásta”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press