berg

See also: Berg, Berğ, and Bërg

English

Pronunciation

(Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /bɜːɡ/
- Audio (UK) (file)
(General American) IPA^(key): /bɝɡ/
Rhymes: -ɜː(ɹ)ɡ

Etymology 1

Clipping of iceberg.

Noun

berg (plural bergs)

An iceberg.
- 1997, Rugh, David J.; Kim E.W. Shelden, “Spotted Seals, Phoca Largha, in Alaska”, in Marine Fisheries Review, volume 59, number 1, page 1:
  The ice was thin, and only a few areas had bergs large enough to support marine mammals.

Derived terms

earthberg
fatberg

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Afrikaans berg. Doublet of barrow.

Noun

berg (plural bergs)

(chiefly South Africa) mountain
- 2004, Alan Goldfein, “A Wonderful Drive”, in Europe's Macadam, America's Tar: How America Really Compares to "Old Europe"‎, American Editions, →ISBN, page 46:
  There are in fact many such subterranean underways in Germany, speeding traffic beneath bergs, burgs and villages and into and around and under big city downtowns ...

Related terms

iceberg
bergschrund
hauberk

Anagrams

Greb, gerb

Afrikaans

Etymology 1

From Dutch berg.

Noun

berg (plural berge, diminutive bergie)

mountain

Derived terms

bergreeks

Descendants

→ English: berg

Etymology 2

From Dutch bergen.

Verb

berg (present berg, present participle bergende, past participle geberg)

To salvage, usually cargo from a ship.
To store; to stash; to put away.

Synonyms

bêre

Derived terms

bergloon
bergplek

Danish

Etymology

From Norwegian berg, from Old Norse berg. Also from German Berg.

Noun

berg n (singular definite berget, plural indefinite berge)

(chiefly Norway) alternative form of bjerg (“mountain, hill”)
- 1907, Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson, Moltke Moe, editor, Bjørnstjerne Bjørnsons fortællinger, page 185:
  han [så] manden […] kjøre gjennom bragende ildsluer ind i det åbne berget, der stod over ham som en port.
  he [saw] the man […] drive through crackling fires into the open mountain, which stood over him like a gate.

Descendants

Norwegian Bokmål: berg

Dutch

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /bɛrx/
audio (file)
Hyphenation: berg
Rhymes: -ɛrx

Etymology 1

From Middle Dutch berch, from Old Dutch berg, from Proto-West Germanic *berg, from Proto-Germanic *bergaz, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰerǵʰ-.

Noun

berg m (plural bergen, diminutive bergje n)

mountain, hill
(figurative) a large amount, a pile; a stock, reserve; a surplus

Derived terms

(actually mountain-related):

bergachtig
bergaf
bergafwaarts
bergbeklimmer
bergbewoner
bergdorp
bergeend
bergfort
berggeest
berggeit
berggod
berggodin
berghelling
berghoen
bergijs
bergketen
bergklassement
bergkristal
bergleeuw
berglijster
berglook
bergman
bergnimf
bergop
bergopwaarts
bergpad
bergpas
bergreeks
bergreus
bergrijst
bergrit
bergrug
bergstof
bergstok
bergteer
bergtop
bergvesting
bergvrede
bergvrouw
bergweide
bergwerker
bergzout
gebergte
steenberg
tafelberg
wijnberg

(toponyms):

Aan de Berg
Aan de Bergen
Aasterberg
Achterberg
Albergen
Alsemberg
Beekbergen
Belsberg
Benedenberg
Berg
Berg aan de Maas
Bergakker
Bergambacht
Bergeijk
Bergen
Bergen aan Zee
Berg en Dal
Bergendries
Bergenhuizen
Bergen op Zoom
Bergerden
Bergharen
Berghem
Berghof
Berghuizen
Beusbergen
Beuseberg
Blankenberge
Blauberg
Blekkenberg
Bloemberg
Bolberg
Bolderberg
Bolenberg
Bouwberg
Boxbergheide
Braamberg
Caberg
Destelbergen
Dolberg
Driebergen-Rijsenburg
Duinbergen
Eibergen
Emmaberg
Engsbergen
Ertsberg
Etsberg
Everberg
Fluitenberg
Frezenberg
Fromberg
Galgenberg
Geertruidenberg
Genenberg
Geraardsbergen
Gerkenberg
Gramsbergen
Grasberg
Grembergen
Grevenberg
Grimbergen
Grotenberge
Haaksbergen
Hardenberg
Hasseberg
Havelterberg
Heeserbergen
Heist-op-den-Berg
Hertsberge
Homberg
Houwenberg
Huijbergen
Huldenberg
Hulsberg
Hussenberg
Kaffeberg
Kalenberg
Katsberg
Keerbergen
Keiberg
Keutenberg
Kleeberg
Kluisbergen
Kortenberg
Kosberg
Kreitsberg
Kronenberg
Kruisberg
Kukkelberg
Kunderberg
Ledeberg
Lemberge
Loksbergen
Luttenberg
Maarsbergen
Mariënberg
Molsberg
Muiderberg
Nederhorst den Berg
Oombergen
Oomsberg
Oudsbergen
Overberg
Pellenberg
Pottelberg
Pottenberg
Ransberg
Rijsbergen
Schaarsbergen
Schaesberg
Schilberg
Schurenberg
Schweiberg
Senselberg
's-Heerenberg
Sint-Amandsberg
Sint-Jansberg
Sint Odiliënberg
Sint-Winoksbergen
Snauwenberg
Snijdersberg
Soesterberg
Spiesberg
Stadenberg
Steenbergen
Struikberg
Tempelberg
Tubbergen
Ubachsberg
Ubbergen
Uitbergen
Vaalserberg
Vosseberg
Wagenberg
Wamberg
Wauberg
Welberg
Woudenberg
Zandberg
Zandbergen
Zeelberg
Zeilberg
Zevenbergen
Zilverberg
Zwartberg

(figurative):

bergroede
boterberg
hooiberg
ijsberg
schuldenberg
vetberg
zandberg

Descendants

Afrikaans: berg
- → English: berg
Berbice Creole Dutch: berki
Jersey Dutch: bêrix
Negerhollands: berg, bergi
- → Virgin Islands Creole: berg, bergi
→ Aukan: beligi
→ Sranan Tongo: bergi
- → Caribbean Javanese: bérgi

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Verb

berg

first-person singular present indicative of bergen
imperative of bergen

Faroese

Etymology

From Old Norse berg, from Proto-Germanic *bergaz, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰerǵʰ-.

Noun

berg n (genitive singular bergs, plural berg)

cliff, cliff face

Declension

Declension of berg
n3	singular		plural
n3	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	berg	bergið	berg	bergini
accusative	berg	bergið	berg	bergini
dative	bergi	berginum	bergum	bergunum
genitive	bergs	bergsins	berga	berganna

Related terms

fjall
tindur
brekka
brattur

Icelandic

Etymology

From Old Norse berg.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /pɛrk/
Rhymes: -ɛrk

Noun

berg n (genitive singular bergs, nominative plural berg)

rock, boulder
cliff, precipice
mountain
rock face

Declension

declension of berg

	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
n-s	singular		plural
nominative	berg	bergið	berg	bergin
accusative	berg	bergið	berg	bergin
dative	bergi	berginu	bergum	bergunum
genitive	bergs	bergsins	berga	berganna

Derived terms

af erlendu bergi brotinn
bergá
bergásýnd
bergbuna
bergblóm
bergbuna
bergbursti
bergbúi
bergbrún
bergbringur
bergdanir
bergtegund
bergtekinn
bergtjara
bergtindur
bergtollur
bergtröll
standberg
völuberg

Limburgish

Etymology 1

From Middle Dutch berch.

Alternative forms

Berg, bérg, bärg (alternative spellings)
Bärrech (Eupen)

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈbæ˨.ʀəç/, [ˈbæː˨.ʀəç]
Hyphenation: berg
Rhymes: -æʀəç

Noun

berg m

(geography) mountain, hill (refers to any elevated terrain)
(figuratively) pile, heap
(in the plural) mountain range

Declension

Declension of berg (masculine) in Limburgish.

	Singular				Plural
	Root	Mutation	Diminutive	Diminutive Mutation	Root	Mutation	Diminutive	Diminutive Mutation
Nominative	berg	perg	bergske	pergske	berg	perg	bergskes	pergskes
Genitive	bergs	pergs	bergskes	pergskes	berg	perg	bergskes	pergskes
Locative	berges	perges	bergeske	pergeske	bergese	pergese	bergeskes	pergeskes
Dative	bergem (archaic)	pergem (archaic)	bergskem (archaic)	pergskem (archaic)	berg	perg	bergskes	pergskes
Accusative	berge (archaic)	perge (archaic)	bergske	pergske	berg	perg	bergskes	pergskes

Derived terms

bergaaf
bergavesj
bergbeklömmer
bergboom
bergdörp
bergechteg
bergfort
berggeet
bergies
bergkrèstal
bergliew
bergloope
bergop
bergpaad
bergreveer
bergrippubliek
bergrögk
bergspleet
bergsport
bergstèlsel
bergwaeg
bergwand
bergwei
sjteeberg
wiengberg

Etymology 2

From earlier barg (with an umlaut on the root vowel). From Proto-West Germanic *barug, from Proto-Germanic *barugaz.

Alternative forms

Berg, bérg, bärg (alternative spellings)
bèrg (Voeren, and other dialects)
barg (Roermond)

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈbæ˧.ʀəç/, [ˈbæː˧.ʀəç]
Hyphenation: berg
Rhymes: -æʀəç

Noun

berg m

(some dialects, including Maastrichtian, Sittard, Valkenburg) a castrated pig, swine

Declension

Declension of berg (masculine) in Limburgish.

	Singular				Plural
	Root	Mutation	Diminutive	Diminutive Mutation	Root	Mutation	Diminutive	Diminutive Mutation
Nominative	berg	perg	bergske	pergske	berg	perg	bergskes	pergskes
Genitive	bergs	pergs	bergskes	pergskes	berg	perg	bergskes	pergskes
Locative	berges	perges	bergeske	pergeske	bergese	pergese	bergeskes	pergeskes
Dative	bergem (archaic)	pergem (archaic)	bergskem (archaic)	pergskem (archaic)	berg	perg	bergskes	pergskes
Accusative	berge (archaic)	perge (archaic)	bergske	pergske	berg	perg	bergskes	pergskes

Etymology 3

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈbæ˦.ʀəç/, [ˈbæː˦.ʀəç]
Hyphenation: berg
Rhymes: -æʀəç

Noun

berg

nominative/genitive/dative/accusative plural of berg
(archaic) accusative singular of berg

Middle English

Alternative forms

berȝ, berȝe

Etymology

From Old English ġebeorg (unprefixed beorg is found in compounds; compare scūrbeorg (“roof, shelter from the storm”)), from beorgan (“to shelter, protect”).

Noun

berg

protection, shelter
guardian, watchman

References

“berg, n.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2018-05-04.

Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology 1

From Old Norse berg, bjarg, from Proto-Germanic *bergaz. Related to berge (“rescue, bring to shore/land”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /bɛɾɡ/, [bæɾɡ]

Noun

berg n (definite singular berget, indefinite plural berg, definite plural berga or bergene)

mountain, hill
rock

Derived terms

bergart
berggrunn
berggylt
bergmann
bergstad
bergvegg
bergverk

Verb

berg

imperative of berge

References

“berg” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

Norwegian Nynorsk

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /bɛrɡ/, [bærɡ], [bæɾˠɡ], [bæɾɡ]
(South Eastern Norway) IPA^(key): /bɛrj/, [bæɾj]

Etymology 1

From Old Norse berg, bjarg, from Proto-Germanic *bergaz.

Noun

berg n (definite singular berget, indefinite plural berg, definite plural berga)

mountain, hill
rock

Derived terms

bergart
berggrunn
berggylte
bergmann
bergstad
bergvegg
bergverk

Etymology 2

Doublet of bjørg, from Old Norse bjǫrg.

Noun

berg f (definite singular berga, indefinite plural berger, definite plural bergene)

help, saving, salvation

Related terms

Male given names:

Arnberg
Audberg
Berg
Berge
Bergfinn
Bergleiv
Bergljot
Bergmund
Bergolv, Bergulv
Bergstein
Bergsvein
Bergtor
Bergvid
Finnberg
Gudberg
Hallberg
Hildeberg
Holmberg
Ingeberg
Kjellberg
Oddberg
Sigberg
Solberg
Steinberg
Svanberg
Sveinberg
Sæberg
Torberg
Valberg
Vigberg
Vilberg
Åsberg

Female given names:

Bergdis
Bergfrid
Berghild
Berglaug
Bergljot
Bergny
Bergrun
Bergtora
Bergtrud
Bergveig
Bergøy

References

“berg” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Old Dutch

Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *berg.

Noun

berg m

mountain, hill

Descendants

Middle Dutch: berch
- Dutch: berg
  - Afrikaans: berg
    - → English: berg
  - Berbice Creole Dutch: berki
  - Jersey Dutch: bêrix
  - Negerhollands: berg, bergi
    - → Virgin Islands Creole: berg, bergi
  - → Aukan: beligi
  - → Sranan Tongo: bergi
    - → Caribbean Javanese: bérgi
- Limburgish: berg

Old High German

Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *berg.

Noun

berg m (plural berga)

mountain, hill

Declension

Declension of berg (masculine a-stem)

case	singular	plural
nominative	berg	berga
accusative	berg	berga
genitive	berges	bergo
dative	berge	bergum
instrumental	bergu	—

Descendants

Middle High German: bërc
- Alemannic German: Bäärg, Bärg, Bèèrg, Bërg
- Bavarian:
  Cimbrian: pèrge
  Mòcheno: pèrg
- Central Franconian: Berch
  Eifel: Bersch
  Hunsrik: Berrich
- East Central German: Barg (Erzgebirgisch)
- German: Berg
- Luxembourgish: Bierg
- Pennsylvania German: Barig
- Yiddish: באַרג‎ (barg)
⇒ Old High German: giberg
- Middle High German: gebërc
  - Vilamovian: gybiyg

Old Norse

Alternative forms

bjarg

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *bergą, *bergaz.

Noun

berg n

rock, boulder
cliff, precipice

Declension

Declension of berg (strong a-stem)

neuter	singular		plural
neuter	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	berg	bergit	berg	bergin
accusative	berg	bergit	berg	bergin
dative	bergi	berginu	bergum	bergunum
genitive	bergs	bergsins	berga	berganna

Descendants

Icelandic: berg, bjarg
Faroese: berg, bjarg, bjørg
Norwegian: berg
- → Danish: berg (also from German)
  - Norwegian Bokmål: berg
Elfdalian: bjärr, bjärg-, bjärgs-, bjärrs-
Westrobothnian: berg, bärg, bäri
Old Swedish: biærgh, bærgh
- Swedish: berg
Old Danish: biargh, biærgh, bærgh
- Scanian: bjærğ
- Danish: bjerg
  - Norwegian Bokmål: bjerg
Gutnish: berg, bjerg, bjerr
→ Scots: berg

References

“berg”, in Geir T. Zoëga (1910) A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press
Zoëga, Geir T. (1910) A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic‎, Oxford: Clarendon Press

Old Saxon

Alternative forms

berag

Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *berg.

Noun

berg m

mountain, hill

Declension

Declension of berg (masculine a-stem)

	singular	plural
nominative	berg	bergos
accusative	berg	bergos
genitive	berges	bergō
dative	berge	bergum
instrumental	—	—

Descendants

Middle Low German: berch
- German Low German: Barg
- Plautdietsch: Boajch

Romanian

Adjective

berg m or n (feminine singular bergă, masculine plural bergi, feminine and neuter plural berge)

Obsolete form of berc.

Declension

Declension of berg

		singular			plural
		masculine	neuter	feminine	masculine	neuter	feminine
nominative/ accusative	indefinite	berg		bergă	bergi	berge
nominative/ accusative	definite	bergul		berga	bergii	bergele
genitive/ dative	indefinite	berg		berge	bergi	berge
genitive/ dative	definite	bergului		bergei	bergilor	bergelor

References

berg in Academia Română, Micul dicționar academic, ediția a II-a, Bucharest: Univers Enciclopedic, 2010. →ISBN

Swedish

Etymology

From Old Norse bjarg, berg, from Proto-Germanic *bergaz, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰerǵʰ-.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /bɛrj/
audio (file)

Noun

berg n

mountain
bedrock, mine
man har borrat genom berget, för att finna rikedom
they have drilled through the bedrock, hoping to find wealth
eld i berget!
warning cry that an explosive charge has been ignited in a mine
a mountain, a very large heap
Ett berg med papper
A mountain of paper

Declension

Declension of berg
	Singular		Plural
	Indefinite	Definite	Indefinite	Definite
Nominative	berg	berget	berg	bergen
Genitive	bergs	bergets	bergs	bergens

Related terms

bergakung
bergart
bergbana
bergbestigare
bergbestigning
bergborr
bergborrning
bergbrant
bergbäck
bergfast
bergfink
bergformation
berggrund
berggylta
berghylla
berghäll
bergig
bergighet
bergis
bergkam
bergknalle
bergkristall
berglager
berglandskap
berglärka
bergmassiv
bergmästare
bergochdalbana
berg-och-dal-bana
bergolja
bergplatå
bergras
bergrum
bergrygg
bergsbestigare
bergsbestigning
bergsbo
bergsbrant
bergsbruk
bergsby
bergsbäck
bergsfolk
bergsformation
bergsgorilla
bergshantering
bergshylla
bergshöjd
bergsida
bergsingenjör
bergsjö
bergskam
bergskedja
bergsklyfta
bergsklättrare
bergsklättring
bergsknalle
bergskreva
bergskrön
bergslag
bergslandskap
bergslejon
bergsluttning
bergsman
bergsmassiv
bergsområde
bergspass
bergsplatå
bergspredikan
bergspring
bergsprängare
bergsprängning
bergsrygg
bergsråd
bergssal
bergssida
bergsskreva
bergssluttning
bergsstaten
bergstopp
bergstrakt
bergsträckning
bergsvetenskap
bergsväg
bergsvägg
bergsäker
bergtagen
bergtall
bergtopp
bergtorsk
bergtroll
bergtunga
bergtäkt
berguv
bergvägg
bergvärme
bergås
fläskberg
fågelberg
ostberg
smörberg
urberg

References

berg in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)

Westrobothnian

Noun

berg n

Alternative spelling of bärg