से

See also: म, स, स़, सु-, and स-

Ahirani

Alternative forms

शे (śe)

Etymology

Inherited from Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀅𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀤𑀺 (acchadi), from Ashokan Prakrit 𑀅𑀙𑀢𑀺 (achati /acchati/), from Sanskrit आक्षेति (ā́kṣeti). Compare Gujarati છે (che).

Verb

से (se)

third-person singular present of होवानं (hovāna)

Bodo (India)

Numeral

से (se) (Latin script se)

one

Hindi

Etymology

Uncertain. Several etymologies are proposed and a merger of some or all of them is likely.[1]

Inherited from Sanskrit समम् (samam, “together; similarly, as”), from सम (samá, “same”), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *samás, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *samás, from Proto-Indo-European *somHós (“same”). Compare Braj सौं (sa͠u, “to, with”).[2][3]
Inherited from Sanskrit सङ्गे (saṅge), locative of सङ्ग (saṅgá, “contact; battle”). Doublet of संग (saṅg).
Inherited from Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀲𑀳𑀺𑀤 (sahida), 𑀲𑀳𑀺𑀅 (sahia), from Sanskrit सहित (sahita, “with”), from स- (sa-, “with”) +‎ हित (hita, “placed”).[4]

Pronunciation

(Delhi Hindi) IPA^(key): /seː/, [s̪eː]

Postposition

से • (se) (Urdu spelling سے‎)

indicates association or mutual dealing; comitative case: by; with; to
वह रोज़ अपने पड़ोसी से लड़ता है।
vah roz apne paṛosī se laṛtā hai.
He fights with his neighbor every day.
indicates a sense of removal or going; ablative case: from
1. indicates exiting or separation
  वह घर से निकलके डाक-घर चला।
  vah ghar se nikalke ḍāk-ghar calā.
  He left from the house and went to the post office.
2. indicates source, cause, reason
  यह तलवार दो सदियों पहले लोहे से बनाया गया था।
  yah talvār do sadiyõ pahle lohe se banāyā gayā thā.
  This sword was made from iron two centuries ago.
  वह परेशानी से रोने लगा। ― vah pareśānī se rone lagā. ― He started to cry from anxiety.
  मैंने अपनी माँ से पूछा। ― mainne apnī mā̃ se pūchā. ― I asked my mother.
3. indicates origin, beginning
  मैं चेन्नई से आया हूँ। ― ma͠i cennaī se āyā hū̃. ― I've come here from Chennai.
  यहाँ से वहाँ तक ― yahā̃ se vahā̃ tak ― from here to there
  कल से ― kal se ― since yesterday
4. comparative postposition: than
  मैं उससे होशियार हूँ। ― ma͠i usse hośiyār hū̃. ― I'm smarter than him.
  केला इससे मीठा होना चाहिए।
  kelā isse mīṭhā honā cāhie.
  Bananas should be sweeter than this.
5. indicates passage of time
  मम्मा देर से यहाँ बैठी हुई है।
  mammā der se yahā̃ baiṭhī huī hai.
  Mom has been sitting here for a while.
indicates means or agency; instrumental case
चाकू से प्याज़ काटो और फिर कटोरी में डलो।
cākū se pyāz kāṭo aur phir kaṭorī mẽ ḍalo.
Cut some onions using the knife and then put them in the bowl.
इस कपड़े को पानी से धोना होगा।
is kapṛe ko pānī se dhonā hogā.
This cloth will have to be washed with water.
1. indicates manner of doing; forms adverbs
  ध्यान से सुनो। ― dhyān se suno. ― Listen carefully. (literally, “Listen with attention.”)
  मैं बहुत मुश्किल से परीक्षा/इम्तहान पास हुआ।
  ma͠i bahut muśkil se parīkṣā/imtahān pās huā.
  I passed the exam with great difficulty.
  ग़लती से ― ġaltī se ― accidentally

Usage notes

When used with pronouns, it is suffixed to the oblique-case form of pronoun:
‎मैं (ma͠i) + ‎से (se) → ‎मुझसे (mujhse)

References

Reinöhl, Uta (2016), “The diverse origins of the Hindi simple postpositions”, in Grammaticalization and the Rise of Configurationality in Indo-Aryan, →ISBN
Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985), “samá1”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press
Jaroslav Strnad (2013) Morphology and Syntax of Old Hindī : Edition and Analysis of One Hundred Kabīr Vānī Poems From Rājasthān (Brill's Indological Library; 45), Leiden, OCLC 853683653
Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985), “sahita”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press

单词	से
释义	से See also: म, स, स़, सु-, and स- Ahirani Alternative forms शे (śe) Etymology Inherited from Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀅𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀤𑀺 (acchadi), from Ashokan Prakrit 𑀅𑀙𑀢𑀺 (achati /acchati/), from Sanskrit आक्षेति (ā́kṣeti). Compare Gujarati છે (che). Verb से (se) third-person singular present of होवानं (hovāna) Further reading डॉ॰ रमेश सीताराम सूर्यवंशी [Dr Ramesh Sitaram Suryawanshi] (1997), “से”, in आहिराणी शब्दकोश (आहिराणी - मराठी) [Ahirani Dictionary (Ahirani - Marathi)] (in Marathi), पुणे [Pune]: अक्षय प्रकाशन [Akshaya Prakashan], →ISBN, page २९४, column 2; republished कन्नड तालुका, औरंगाबाद जिल्हा [Kannad Taluka, Aurangabad District]: अभ्यासिका प्रकाशन [Abhyasika Prakashan], 2013. Bodo (India) Numeral से (se) (Latin script se) one Hindi Etymology Uncertain. Several etymologies are proposed and a merger of some or all of them is likely.[1] Inherited from Sanskrit समम् (samam, “together; similarly, as”), from सम (samá, “same”), from Proto-Indo-Aryan samás, from Proto-Indo-Iranian samás, from Proto-Indo-European somHós (“same”). Compare Braj सौं* (sa͠u, “to, with”).[2][3] Inherited from Sanskrit सङ्गे (saṅge), locative of सङ्ग (saṅgá, “contact; battle”). Doublet of संग (saṅg). Inherited from Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀲𑀳𑀺𑀤 (sahida), 𑀲𑀳𑀺𑀅 (sahia), from Sanskrit सहित (sahita, “with”), from स- (sa-, “with”) +‎ हित (hita, “placed”).[4] Pronunciation (Delhi Hindi) IPA^(key): /seː/, [s̪eː] Postposition से • (se) (Urdu spelling سے‎) indicates association or mutual dealing; comitative case: by; with; to वह रोज़ अपने पड़ोसी से लड़ता है। vah roz apne paṛosī se laṛtā hai. He fights with his neighbor every day. indicates a sense of removal or going; ablative case: from indicates exiting or separation वह घर से निकलके डाक-घर चला। vah ghar se nikalke ḍāk-ghar calā. He left from the house and went to the post office. indicates source, cause, reason यह तलवार दो सदियों पहले लोहे से बनाया गया था। yah talvār do sadiyõ pahle lohe se banāyā gayā thā. This sword was made from iron two centuries ago. वह परेशानी से रोने लगा। ― vah pareśānī se rone lagā. ― He started to cry from anxiety. मैंने अपनी माँ से पूछा। ― mainne apnī mā̃ se pūchā. ― I asked my mother. indicates origin, beginning मैं चेन्नई से आया हूँ। ― ma͠i cennaī se āyā hū̃. ― I've come here from Chennai. यहाँ से वहाँ तक ― yahā̃ se vahā̃ tak ― from here to there कल से ― kal se ― since yesterday comparative postposition: than मैं उससे होशियार हूँ। ― ma͠i usse hośiyār hū̃. ― I'm smarter than him. केला इससे मीठा होना चाहिए। kelā isse mīṭhā honā cāhie. Bananas should be sweeter than this. indicates passage of time मम्मा देर से यहाँ बैठी हुई है। mammā der se yahā̃ baiṭhī huī hai. Mom has been sitting here for a while. indicates means or agency; instrumental case चाकू से प्याज़ काटो और फिर कटोरी में डलो। cākū se pyāz kāṭo aur phir kaṭorī mẽ ḍalo. Cut some onions using the knife and then put them in the bowl. इस कपड़े को पानी से धोना होगा। is kapṛe ko pānī se dhonā hogā. This cloth will have to be washed with water. indicates manner of doing; forms adverbs ध्यान से सुनो। ― dhyān se suno. ― Listen carefully. (literally, “Listen with attention.”) मैं बहुत मुश्किल से परीक्षा/इम्तहान पास हुआ। ma͠i bahut muśkil se parīkṣā/imtahān pās huā. I passed the exam with great difficulty. ग़लती से ― ġaltī se ― accidentally Usage notes When used with pronouns, it is suffixed to the oblique-case form of pronoun: ‎मैं (ma͠i) + ‎से (se) → ‎मुझसे (mujhse) References Reinöhl, Uta (2016), “The diverse origins of the Hindi simple postpositions”, in Grammaticalization and the Rise of Configurationality in Indo-Aryan, →ISBN Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985), “samá1”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press Jaroslav Strnad (2013) Morphology and Syntax of Old Hindī : Edition and Analysis of One Hundred Kabīr Vānī Poems From Rājasthān (Brill's Indological Library; 45), Leiden, OCLC 853683653 Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985), “sahita”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press Further reading McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993), “से”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press Omkar N. Koul (2008) Modern Hindi Grammar, Dunwoody Press, →ISBN Platts, John T. (1884), “से”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co.
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से

Ahirani

Alternative forms

Etymology

Verb

Further reading

Bodo (India)

Numeral

Hindi

Etymology

Pronunciation

Postposition

Usage notes

References

Further reading