सह
See also: साही, सिंह, सही, सेही, and सौंह
Marathi
Etymology
Borrowed from Sanskrit सह (sahá).
Postposition
सह • (sah)
- with, along with, together with
Preposition
सह • (sah)
- with, along with, together with
- 2017 November 2, “भूतानचे राजे सहपरिवार पंतप्रधान मोदींच्या भेटीला!”, in ABP Majha, New Delhi:
- भूतानचे राजे सहपरिवार पंतप्रधान मोदींच्या भेटीला!
- bhūtānce rāje sahparivār pantapradhān modīñcyā bheṭīlā!
- Bhutan's King at Prime Minister Modi's meeting with [his] family!
-
References
- Berntsen, Maxine, “सह”, in A Basic Marathi-English Dictionary, New Delhi: American Institute of Indian Studies, 1982-1983.
- Molesworth, James Thomas (1857), “सह”, in A dictionary, Marathi and English, Bombay: Printed for government at the Bombay Education Society's Press
Pali
Alternative forms
Alternative forms
- saha (Latin script)
- 𑀲𑀳 (Brahmi script)
- সহ (Bengali script)
- සහ (Sinhalese script)
- သဟ or သႁ (Burmese script)
- สห or สะหะ (Thai script)
- ᩈᩉ (Tai Tham script)
- ສຫ or ສະຫະ (Lao script)
- សហ (Khmer script)
- 𑄥𑄦 (Chakma script)
Conjunction
सह (saha)
- Devanagari script form of saha (“together with”)
- c. 500 AD, Kaccāyana, Pālivyākaraṇaṃ [Pali Grammar] (in Pali), page 12; republished as Satish Chandra Acharyya Vidyabhusana, editor, Kaccayana's Pali Grammar (edited in Devanagari character and translated into English), Calcutta, Bengal: Mahabodhi Society, 1901:
- चसहग्गहणेन धकारस्स हकारादेसो होति;
- Casahaggahaṇena dhakārassa hakārādeso hoti;
- By taking it together with 'ca', one gets a change of 'dh' to 'h';
-
Sanskrit
Alternative forms
Alternative scripts
- ᬲᬳ (Balinese script)
- সহ (Assamese script)
- সহ (Bengali script)
- 𑰭𑰮 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀲𑀳 (Brahmi script)
- 𑌸𑌹 (Grantha script)
- સહ (Gujarati script)
- ਸਹ (Gurmukhi script)
- ꦱꦲ (Javanese script)
- សហ (Khmer script)
- ಸಹ (Kannada script)
- ສຫ (Lao script)
- സഹ (Malayalam script)
- 𑘭𑘮 (Modi script)
- ᠰᠠᠾᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
- ᠰᠠᡥᠠ (Manchu script)
- သဟ (Burmese script)
- 𑧍𑧎 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐳𑐴 (Newa script)
- ସହ (Oriya script)
- ꢱꢲ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆱𑆲 (Sharada script)
- 𑖭𑖮 (Siddham script)
- සහ (Sinhalese script)
- సహ (Telugu script)
- สห (Thai script)
- ས་ཧ (Tibetan script)
- 𑒮𑒯 (Tirhuta script)
Pronunciation
- (Vedic) IPA(key): /sɐ.ɦɐ́/
- (Classical) IPA(key): /ˈs̪ɐ.ɦɐ/
Etymology 1
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Noun
सह • (sahá) m
- the month मार्गशीर्ष (mārgaśīrṣa)
- a particular fire
- (Can we clean up(+) this sense?) a species of plant
- name of a son of manu
- name of a son of प्राण (prā-ṇa) and ऊर्जस्वती (ūrjasvatī)
- name of a son of धृतराष्ट्र (dhṛtarāṣṭra)
- name of a son of Krishna and Madri
- (with Buddhists) name of a division of the world
- (Can we clean up(+) this sense?) name of various plants
- Unguis odoratus
Declension
| Masculine a-stem declension of सह | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Nom. sg. | सहः (sahaḥ) | ||
| Gen. sg. | सहस्य (sahasya) | ||
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| Nominative | सहः (sahaḥ) | सहौ (sahau) | सहाः (sahāḥ) |
| Vocative | सह (saha) | सहौ (sahau) | सहाः (sahāḥ) |
| Accusative | सहम् (saham) | सहौ (sahau) | सहान् (sahān) |
| Instrumental | सहेन (sahena) | सहाभ्याम् (sahābhyām) | सहैः (sahaiḥ) |
| Dative | सहाय (sahāya) | सहाभ्याम् (sahābhyām) | सहेभ्यः (sahebhyaḥ) |
| Ablative | सहात् (sahāt) | सहाभ्याम् (sahābhyām) | सहेभ्यः (sahebhyaḥ) |
| Genitive | सहस्य (sahasya) | सहयोः (sahayoḥ) | सहानाम् (sahānām) |
| Locative | सहे (sahe) | सहयोः (sahayoḥ) | सहेषु (saheṣu) |
Etymology 2
From Proto-Indo-European *seǵʰ- (“to hold, posess, overcome, overpower”). Cognate with Ancient Greek ἔχω (ékhō, “have, possess, hold”), σχῆμᾰ (skhêma, “form, shape, figure”), σχολή (skholḗ, “leisure, free time; philosophy”) whence Latin schola (“leisure time for learning, schooltime, school”); Latin sēverus (“severe, strict, harsh”). See also सहस् (sahas).
Adjective
सह • (sahá)
- powerful, mighty
- overcoming, vanquishing
- bearing, enduring, withstanding, defying, equal to, a match for (+ genitive or compound)
- causing, effecting, stimulating, exerting
- able to, capable of (infinitive or compound)
Declension
| Masculine a-stem declension of सह | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Nom. sg. | सहः (sahaḥ) | ||
| Gen. sg. | सहस्य (sahasya) | ||
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| Nominative | सहः (sahaḥ) | सहौ (sahau) | सहाः (sahāḥ) |
| Vocative | सह (saha) | सहौ (sahau) | सहाः (sahāḥ) |
| Accusative | सहम् (saham) | सहौ (sahau) | सहान् (sahān) |
| Instrumental | सहेन (sahena) | सहाभ्याम् (sahābhyām) | सहैः (sahaiḥ) |
| Dative | सहाय (sahāya) | सहाभ्याम् (sahābhyām) | सहेभ्यः (sahebhyaḥ) |
| Ablative | सहात् (sahāt) | सहाभ्याम् (sahābhyām) | सहेभ्यः (sahebhyaḥ) |
| Genitive | सहस्य (sahasya) | सहयोः (sahayoḥ) | सहानाम् (sahānām) |
| Locative | सहे (sahe) | सहयोः (sahayoḥ) | सहेषु (saheṣu) |
| Feminine ā-stem declension of सह | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Nom. sg. | सहा (sahā) | ||
| Gen. sg. | सहायाः (sahāyāḥ) | ||
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| Nominative | सहा (sahā) | सहे (sahe) | सहाः (sahāḥ) |
| Vocative | सहे (sahe) | सहे (sahe) | सहाः (sahāḥ) |
| Accusative | सहाम् (sahām) | सहे (sahe) | सहाः (sahāḥ) |
| Instrumental | सहया (sahayā) | सहाभ्याम् (sahābhyām) | सहाभिः (sahābhiḥ) |
| Dative | सहायै (sahāyai) | सहाभ्याम् (sahābhyām) | सहाभ्यः (sahābhyaḥ) |
| Ablative | सहायाः (sahāyāḥ) | सहाभ्याम् (sahābhyām) | सहाभ्यः (sahābhyaḥ) |
| Genitive | सहायाः (sahāyāḥ) | सहयोः (sahayoḥ) | सहानाम् (sahānām) |
| Locative | सहायाम् (sahāyām) | सहयोः (sahayoḥ) | सहासु (sahāsu) |
| Neuter a-stem declension of सह | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Nom. sg. | सहम् (saham) | ||
| Gen. sg. | सहस्य (sahasya) | ||
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| Nominative | सहम् (saham) | सहे (sahe) | सहानि (sahāni) |
| Vocative | सह (saha) | सहे (sahe) | सहानि (sahāni) |
| Accusative | सहम् (saham) | सहे (sahe) | सहानि (sahāni) |
| Instrumental | सहेन (sahena) | सहाभ्याम् (sahābhyām) | सहैः (sahaiḥ) |
| Dative | सहाय (sahāya) | सहाभ्याम् (sahābhyām) | सहेभ्यः (sahebhyaḥ) |
| Ablative | सहात् (sahāt) | सहाभ्याम् (sahābhyām) | सहेभ्यः (sahebhyaḥ) |
| Genitive | सहस्य (sahasya) | सहयोः (sahayoḥ) | सहानाम् (sahānām) |
| Locative | सहे (sahe) | सहयोः (sahayoḥ) | सहेषु (saheṣu) |
Etymology 3
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Noun
सह • (sahá) n
- (Can we clean up(+) this sense?) = बल (bala)
- kind of salt
Declension
| Neuter a-stem declension of सह | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Nom. sg. | सहम् (saham) | ||
| Gen. sg. | सहस्य (sahasya) | ||
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| Nominative | सहम् (saham) | सहे (sahe) | सहानि (sahāni) |
| Vocative | सह (saha) | सहे (sahe) | सहानि (sahāni) |
| Accusative | सहम् (saham) | सहे (sahe) | सहानि (sahāni) |
| Instrumental | सहेन (sahena) | सहाभ्याम् (sahābhyām) | सहैः (sahaiḥ) |
| Dative | सहाय (sahāya) | सहाभ्याम् (sahābhyām) | सहेभ्यः (sahebhyaḥ) |
| Ablative | सहात् (sahāt) | सहाभ्याम् (sahābhyām) | सहेभ्यः (sahebhyaḥ) |
| Genitive | सहस्य (sahasya) | सहयोः (sahayoḥ) | सहानाम् (sahānām) |
| Locative | सहे (sahe) | सहयोः (sahayoḥ) | सहेषु (saheṣu) |
Etymology 4
From Proto-Indo-European *sm̥-gʰé ~ *sm̥-gʰó-, from *sm̥- (“whole, all, together (with)”) + *gʰé (“indeed, at any rate”, discourse/emphatic particle). The first element is equivalent to स- (sa-); the second element is equivalent to ह (ha) and also found in नहि (nahi) (< *ne-gʰí); see also हि (hi), घ (gha). Cognate with Latin singulus, Albanian gjithë.
Postposition
सह • (sahá)
- together with, along with, with
- with √grah and ā-√dā — to take with one
- with √dā — to give to take away with one
- (with कृत्वा (kṛtvā) and accusative) taking with one; in the company of
- often as a preposition governing instrumental case, but generally placed after the governed word
- तेन सह (tena saha) — along with him
- (exceptionally with ablative)
- ऐश्वर्यात् सह (aiśvaryāt saha) — with sovereignty
- in common, in company, jointly, conjointly, in concert
- often used as a prefix in compounds, expressing "community of action"
- सहाध्ययन (sahā-dhyayana) — studying together, companionship in study
- forming adjectives expressing "the companion of an action"
- सहचर (saha-cara) — going with, accompanying, associating with
- (prefixed to adverbs of time) at the same time or simultaneously with
- सहपूर्वाह्णम् (saha-pūrvā-hṇam) — simultaneously with the beginning of forenoon
- (rarely at the end of a compound)
- वैनतेयसह (vainateya-saha) — with vainateya
Etymology 5
From the preposition, probably etymologically "one who is with (another person)".
Noun
सह • (sahá) m
- companion
Declension
| Masculine a-stem declension of सह | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Nom. sg. | सहः (sahaḥ) | ||
| Gen. sg. | सहस्य (sahasya) | ||
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| Nominative | सहः (sahaḥ) | सहौ (sahau) | सहाः (sahāḥ) |
| Vocative | सह (saha) | सहौ (sahau) | सहाः (sahāḥ) |
| Accusative | सहम् (saham) | सहौ (sahau) | सहान् (sahān) |
| Instrumental | सहेन (sahena) | सहाभ्याम् (sahābhyām) | सहैः (sahaiḥ) |
| Dative | सहाय (sahāya) | सहाभ्याम् (sahābhyām) | सहेभ्यः (sahebhyaḥ) |
| Ablative | सहात् (sahāt) | सहाभ्याम् (sahābhyām) | सहेभ्यः (sahebhyaḥ) |
| Genitive | सहस्य (sahasya) | सहयोः (sahayoḥ) | सहानाम् (sahānām) |
| Locative | सहे (sahe) | सहयोः (sahayoḥ) | सहेषु (saheṣu) |
Descendants
- Pali: saha
- → Khmer: សហ (saʼhaʼ)
- → Marathi: सह (sah)