सरस्वती
Hindi
Etymology
Learned borrowing from Sanskrit सरस्वती (sarasvatī). Doublet of सरसई (sarsaī) and सरसूती (sarsūtī).
Pronunciation
- (Delhi Hindi) IPA(key): /sə.ɾəs.ʋə.t̪iː/, [s̪ə.ɾəs̪.ʋə.t̪iː]
Proper noun
सरस्वती • (sarasvatī) f (Urdu spelling سرسوتی)
- Saraswati (Hindu deity)
- Sarasvati River
Declension
Declension of सरस्वती (sg-only fem ī-stem)
singular | |
---|---|
direct | सरस्वती sarasvatī |
oblique | सरस्वती sarasvatī |
vocative | सरस्वती sarasvatī |
Synonyms
- सरसूती (sarsūtī)
Sanskrit
Alternative forms
Alternative scripts
- ᬲᬭᬲ᭄ᬯᬢᬷ (Balinese script)
- সৰস্ৱতী (Assamese script)
- সরস্বতী (Bengali script)
- 𑰭𑰨𑰭𑰿𑰪𑰝𑰱 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀲𑀭𑀲𑁆𑀯𑀢𑀻 (Brahmi script)
- 𑌸𑌰𑌸𑍍𑌵𑌤𑍀 (Grantha script)
- સરસ્વતી (Gujarati script)
- ਸਰਸੑਵਤੀ (Gurmukhi script)
- ꦱꦫꦱ꧀ꦮꦠꦷ (Javanese script)
- សរស្វតី (Khmer script)
- ಸರಸ್ವತೀ (Kannada script)
- ສຣສ຺ວຕີ (Lao script)
- സരസ്വതീ (Malayalam script)
- 𑘭𑘨𑘭𑘿𑘪𑘝𑘲 (Modi script)
- ᠰᠠᠷᠠᠰᢦᢐᢈᢈ (Mongolian script)
- ᠰᠠᡵᠠᠰ᠌ᠣᠸᠠᢠᡳᡳ (Manchu script)
- သရသွတီ (Burmese script)
- 𑧍𑧈𑧍𑧠𑧊𑦽𑧓 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐳𑐬𑐳𑑂𑐰𑐟𑐷 (Newa script)
- ସରସ୍ଵତୀ (Oriya script)
- ꢱꢬꢱ꣄ꢮꢡꢷ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆱𑆫𑆱𑇀𑆮𑆠𑆵 (Sharada script)
- 𑖭𑖨𑖭𑖿𑖪𑖝𑖱 (Siddham script)
- සරස්වතී (Sinhalese script)
- సరస్వతీ (Telugu script)
- สรสฺวตี (Thai script)
- ས་ར་སྭ་ཏཱི (Tibetan script)
- 𑒮𑒩𑒮𑓂𑒫𑒞𑒲 (Tirhuta script)
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-Aryan *SáraswatiH, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *SáraswatiH, from *sáras (compare सरस् (sáras, “pond, pool”)), from Proto-Indo-European *séles-wn̥t-ih₂. Cognate with Avestan 𐬵𐬀𐬭𐬀𐬑𐬬𐬀𐬌𐬙𐬍 (haraxvaitī), a region described to be rich in rivers, Old Persian 𐏃𐎼𐎢𐎺𐎫 (h-r-u-v-t /harauvati/), the Helmand river system.
Pronunciation
- (Vedic) IPA(key): /sɐ́.ɾɐs.ʋɐ.tiː/
- (Classical) IPA(key): /s̪ɐˈɾɐs̪.ʋɐ.t̪iː/
Proper noun
सरस्वती • (sárasvatī) f
- the Saraswati river
- RV 7.95.1
- पर कषोदसा धायसा सस्र एषा सरस्वती धरुणमायसी पूः|
- परबाबधाना रथ्येव याति विश्वा अपो महिना सिन्धुरन्याः||
- pra kṣodasā dhāyasā sasra eṣā sarasvatī dharuṇamāyasī pūḥ|
- prabābadhānā rathyeva yāti viśvā apo mahinā sindhuranyāḥ||
- THIS stream Sarasvatī with fostering current comes forth, our sure defence, our fort of iron.
- As on a car, the flood flows on, surpassing in majesty and might all other waters.
- RV 7.95.1
- name of a region abounding in pools and lakes
- name of a well-known small river (held very sacred by the Hindus; identified with the modern Sursooty)
- name of various rivers (especially of rivers which in sacredness are equal to Saraswati and which are three according to Atharvaveda vi, 101, and seven according to Mahabharata ix, 2188)
- Saraswati, the goddess of eloquence and learning
- various plants, including
- Cardiospermum halicacabum
- Aegle marmelos
- Ruta graveolens
- name of a two-year-old girl representing दुर्गा (durgā) at her festival
- name of a poetess
- name of various other women
- name of one of the ten mendicant orders traced back to शंकराचार्य (śaṃkarācārya) (whose members add the word sarasvatī to their names)
Declension
Feminine ī-stem declension of सरस्वती (sárasvatī) | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
Nominative | सरस्वती sárasvatī | सरस्वत्यौ / सरस्वती¹ sárasvatyau / sárasvatī¹ | सरस्वत्यः / सरस्वतीः¹ sárasvatyaḥ / sárasvatīḥ¹ |
Vocative | सरस्वति sárasvati | सरस्वत्यौ / सरस्वती¹ sárasvatyau / sárasvatī¹ | सरस्वत्यः / सरस्वतीः¹ sárasvatyaḥ / sárasvatīḥ¹ |
Accusative | सरस्वतीम् sárasvatīm | सरस्वत्यौ / सरस्वती¹ sárasvatyau / sárasvatī¹ | सरस्वतीः sárasvatīḥ |
Instrumental | सरस्वत्या sárasvatyā | सरस्वतीभ्याम् sárasvatībhyām | सरस्वतीभिः sárasvatībhiḥ |
Dative | सरस्वत्यै sárasvatyai | सरस्वतीभ्याम् sárasvatībhyām | सरस्वतीभ्यः sárasvatībhyaḥ |
Ablative | सरस्वत्याः sárasvatyāḥ | सरस्वतीभ्याम् sárasvatībhyām | सरस्वतीभ्यः sárasvatībhyaḥ |
Genitive | सरस्वत्याः sárasvatyāḥ | सरस्वत्योः sárasvatyoḥ | सरस्वतीनाम् sárasvatīnām |
Locative | सरस्वत्याम् sárasvatyām | सरस्वत्योः sárasvatyoḥ | सरस्वतीषु sárasvatīṣu |
Notes |
|
Noun
सरस्वती • (sárasvatī) f
- any river
- speech or the power of speech, eloquence, learning wisdom
- a celestial or oracular voice
- cow
- excellent woman
Declension
Feminine ī-stem declension of सरस्वती (sárasvatī) | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
Nominative | सरस्वती sárasvatī | सरस्वत्यौ / सरस्वती¹ sárasvatyau / sárasvatī¹ | सरस्वत्यः / सरस्वतीः¹ sárasvatyaḥ / sárasvatīḥ¹ |
Vocative | सरस्वति sárasvati | सरस्वत्यौ / सरस्वती¹ sárasvatyau / sárasvatī¹ | सरस्वत्यः / सरस्वतीः¹ sárasvatyaḥ / sárasvatīḥ¹ |
Accusative | सरस्वतीम् sárasvatīm | सरस्वत्यौ / सरस्वती¹ sárasvatyau / sárasvatī¹ | सरस्वतीः sárasvatīḥ |
Instrumental | सरस्वत्या sárasvatyā | सरस्वतीभ्याम् sárasvatībhyām | सरस्वतीभिः sárasvatībhiḥ |
Dative | सरस्वत्यै sárasvatyai | सरस्वतीभ्याम् sárasvatībhyām | सरस्वतीभ्यः sárasvatībhyaḥ |
Ablative | सरस्वत्याः sárasvatyāḥ | सरस्वतीभ्याम् sárasvatībhyām | सरस्वतीभ्यः sárasvatībhyaḥ |
Genitive | सरस्वत्याः sárasvatyāḥ | सरस्वत्योः sárasvatyoḥ | सरस्वतीनाम् sárasvatīnām |
Locative | सरस्वत्याम् sárasvatyām | सरस्वत्योः sárasvatyoḥ | सरस्वतीषु sárasvatīṣu |
Notes |
|
Descendants
- Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀲𑀭𑀲𑁆𑀲𑀈 (sarassaī)
- Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀲𑀭𑀲𑁆𑀲𑀤𑀻 (sarassadī)
- Hindi: सरसई (sarsaī)
- → Assamese: সৰস্বতী (xorossoti)
- → Burmese: သူရဿတီ (sura.ssa.ti)
- → English: Saraswati
- → Hindustani:
- Hindi: सरस्वती (sarasvatī)
- Urdu: سرسوتی (Sarasvatī, Sarsūtī)
- → Japanese: 弁才天 (Benzaiten)
- → Kannada: ಸರಸ್ವತೀ (sarasvatī)
- → Telugu: సరస్వతి (sarasvati)