शुद्ध
Hindi
Etymology
Borrowed from Sanskrit शुद्ध (śuddha), from the root verb शुध् (śudh, “to become pure or purified”).
Pronunciation
- (Delhi Hindi) IPA(key): /ʃʊd̪d̪ʱ/
Adjective
शुद्ध • (śuddh) (indeclinable, Urdu spelling شدھ)
- pure, unpolluted
- शुद्ध सोना बहुत महंगा है।
- śuddh sonā bahut mahaṅgā hai.
- Pure gold is very expensive.
- परम-शुद्ध पानी मिलने कठिन है।
- param-śuddh pānī milne kaṭhin hai.
- It is difficult to find absolutely pure water.
- Synonym: ख़ालिस (xālis)
- correct
- समस्या सुलझाने लिए यह पद्धति शुद्ध नहीं है।
- samasyā suljhāne lie yah paddhati śuddh nahī̃ hai.
- This is not the correct method for solving the problem.
- Synonym: सही (sahī)
- तुम्हारा उच्चारण शुद्ध है।
- tumhārā uccāraṇ śuddh hai.
- Your pronunciation is correct.
- net
- आज का शुद्ध लाभ क्या था? ― āj kā śuddh lābh kyā thā? ― What was the net profit for today?
- (of language) high-register; making use of Sanskrit loanwords
- शुद्ध हिंदी ― śuddh hindī ― Sanskritized Hindi
- Antonym: ठेठ (ṭheṭh)
- (Indian classical music, of ragas) original, to distinguish the raga from other varieties bearing the same name
- शुद्ध मल्हार, शुद्ध कल्याण
- śuddh malhār, śuddh kalyāṇ
- (Indian classical music, of notes) the natural pitch of a note, to distinguish from the other flavors of that same note
- शुद्ध निषाद ― śuddh niṣād
Antonyms
- अशुद्ध (aśuddh)
References
- Bahri, Hardev (1989), “शुद्ध”, in Siksarthi Hindi-Angrejhi Sabdakosa [Learners' Hindi-English Dictionary], Delhi: Rajpal & Sons.
Sanskrit
Etymology
Past passive participle from the root शुध् (śudh, “to purify; to cleanse; to become pure”).
Adjective
शुद्ध • (śuddhá)
- pure; clear; clean
- c. 1 CE – 200 CE, Vimalakīrtinirdeśa 7.1:
- क्लेशगतिं च गच्छति प्रकृतिपरिशुद्धश् च भवत्य् अत्यन्तासंक्लिष्टः ।
- kleśagatiṃ ca gacchati prakṛtipariśuddhaś ca bhavaty atyantāsaṃkliṣṭaḥ .
- He goes the way of kleśa (mental afflictions), and meanwhile he is naturally, fully pure, without the least bit of tarnish.
- क्लेशगतिं च गच्छति प्रकृतिपरिशुद्धश् च भवत्य् अत्यन्तासंक्लिष्टः ।
- true; blameless; acquitted
- right; free from error; faultless
- accurate
- simple; unmixed
Declension
Masculine a-stem declension of शुद्ध (śuddhá) | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
Nominative | शुद्धः śuddháḥ | शुद्धौ śuddhaú | शुद्धाः / शुद्धासः¹ śuddhā́ḥ / śuddhā́saḥ¹ |
Vocative | शुद्ध śúddha | शुद्धौ śúddhau | शुद्धाः / शुद्धासः¹ śúddhāḥ / śúddhāsaḥ¹ |
Accusative | शुद्धम् śuddhám | शुद्धौ śuddhaú | शुद्धान् śuddhā́n |
Instrumental | शुद्धेन śuddhéna | शुद्धाभ्याम् śuddhā́bhyām | शुद्धैः / शुद्धेभिः¹ śuddhaíḥ / śuddhébhiḥ¹ |
Dative | शुद्धाय śuddhā́ya | शुद्धाभ्याम् śuddhā́bhyām | शुद्धेभ्यः śuddhébhyaḥ |
Ablative | शुद्धात् śuddhā́t | शुद्धाभ्याम् śuddhā́bhyām | शुद्धेभ्यः śuddhébhyaḥ |
Genitive | शुद्धस्य śuddhásya | शुद्धयोः śuddháyoḥ | शुद्धानाम् śuddhā́nām |
Locative | शुद्धे śuddhé | शुद्धयोः śuddháyoḥ | शुद्धेषु śuddhéṣu |
Notes |
|
Feminine ā-stem declension of शुद्धा (śuddhā́) | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
Nominative | शुद्धा śuddhā́ | शुद्धे śuddhé | शुद्धाः śuddhā́ḥ |
Vocative | शुद्धे śúddhe | शुद्धे śúddhe | शुद्धाः śúddhāḥ |
Accusative | शुद्धाम् śuddhā́m | शुद्धे śuddhé | शुद्धाः śuddhā́ḥ |
Instrumental | शुद्धया / शुद्धा¹ śuddháyā / śuddhā́¹ | शुद्धाभ्याम् śuddhā́bhyām | शुद्धाभिः śuddhā́bhiḥ |
Dative | शुद्धायै śuddhā́yai | शुद्धाभ्याम् śuddhā́bhyām | शुद्धाभ्यः śuddhā́bhyaḥ |
Ablative | शुद्धायाः śuddhā́yāḥ | शुद्धाभ्याम् śuddhā́bhyām | शुद्धाभ्यः śuddhā́bhyaḥ |
Genitive | शुद्धायाः śuddhā́yāḥ | शुद्धयोः śuddháyoḥ | शुद्धानाम् śuddhā́nām |
Locative | शुद्धायाम् śuddhā́yām | शुद्धयोः śuddháyoḥ | शुद्धासु śuddhā́su |
Notes |
|
Neuter a-stem declension of शुद्ध (śuddhá) | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
Nominative | शुद्धम् śuddhám | शुद्धे śuddhé | शुद्धानि / शुद्धा¹ śuddhā́ni / śuddhā́¹ |
Vocative | शुद्ध śúddha | शुद्धे śúddhe | शुद्धानि / शुद्धा¹ śúddhāni / śúddhā¹ |
Accusative | शुद्धम् śuddhám | शुद्धे śuddhé | शुद्धानि / शुद्धा¹ śuddhā́ni / śuddhā́¹ |
Instrumental | शुद्धेन śuddhéna | शुद्धाभ्याम् śuddhā́bhyām | शुद्धैः / शुद्धेभिः¹ śuddhaíḥ / śuddhébhiḥ¹ |
Dative | शुद्धाय śuddhā́ya | शुद्धाभ्याम् śuddhā́bhyām | शुद्धेभ्यः śuddhébhyaḥ |
Ablative | शुद्धात् śuddhā́t | शुद्धाभ्याम् śuddhā́bhyām | शुद्धेभ्यः śuddhébhyaḥ |
Genitive | शुद्धस्य śuddhásya | शुद्धयोः śuddháyoḥ | शुद्धानाम् śuddhā́nām |
Locative | शुद्धे śuddhé | शुद्धयोः śuddháyoḥ | शुद्धेषु śuddhéṣu |
Notes |
|
Descendants
- Assamese: শুধ (xudho), শুদা (xuda)
- Pali: suddha
- Romani: šudžo
- → Hindi: शुद्ध (śuddh)
- → Tamil: சுத்தம் (cuttam)
References
- Apte, Vaman Shivram (1890), “शुद्ध”, in The practical Sanskrit-English dictionary, Poona: Prasad Prakashan
- Monier Williams (1899), “Ṡuddhá”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, OCLC 458052227, page 1082/1.